//! `LLaMA` Attention Mechanisms and Components (Simplified Stub) //! //! This is a simplified stub version to get compilation working. //! TODO: Implement full `LLaMA` attention with rotary embeddings and grouped-query attention. use crate::architectures::TransformerConfig; use crate::tensor_bridge::TensorBridge; use crate::{Result, TransformerError}; use rtx_tensor::{Device, Tensor}; use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize}; /// LLaMA-specific configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct LLaMAConfig { /// Base transformer configuration pub base: TransformerConfig, /// Vocabulary size pub vocab_size: usize, /// Hidden dimension pub hidden_size: usize, /// Feed-forward intermediate dimension pub intermediate_size: usize, /// Number of transformer layers pub num_hidden_layers: usize, /// Number of attention heads pub num_attention_heads: usize, /// Number of key-value heads (for grouped-query attention) pub num_key_value_heads: usize, /// Maximum sequence length pub max_position_embeddings: usize, /// `RMSNorm` epsilon pub rms_norm_eps: f64, /// Initializer range for weights pub initializer_range: f64, /// Use cache for generation pub use_cache: bool, /// Pad token ID pub pad_token_id: i64, /// BOS token ID pub bos_token_id: i64, /// EOS token ID pub eos_token_id: i64, /// Pretraining type pub pretraining_tp: usize, /// Tie word embeddings pub tie_word_embeddings: bool, /// Rope scaling configuration pub rope_scaling: Option, /// Rope theta parameter pub rope_theta: f64, /// Attention bias pub attention_bias: bool, /// MLP bias pub mlp_bias: bool, } /// `RoPE` (Rotary Position Embedding) scaling configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct RopeScaling { /// Scaling type ("linear" or "dynamic") pub scaling_type: String, /// Scaling factor pub factor: f64, } impl Default for LLaMAConfig { fn default() -> Self { Self { base: TransformerConfig::default(), vocab_size: 32000, hidden_size: 4096, intermediate_size: 11008, num_hidden_layers: 32, num_attention_heads: 32, num_key_value_heads: 32, // Standard multi-head attention max_position_embeddings: 2048, rms_norm_eps: 1e-6, initializer_range: 0.02, use_cache: true, pad_token_id: -1, bos_token_id: 1, eos_token_id: 2, pretraining_tp: 1, tie_word_embeddings: false, rope_scaling: None, rope_theta: 10000.0, attention_bias: false, mlp_bias: false, } } } impl LLaMAConfig { /// Create `LLaMA` 7B configuration #[must_use] pub fn llama_7b() -> Self { Self::default() } /// Create `LLaMA` 13B configuration #[must_use] pub fn llama_13b() -> Self { let mut config = Self::default(); config.hidden_size = 5120; config.intermediate_size = 13824; config.num_hidden_layers = 40; config.num_attention_heads = 40; config.num_key_value_heads = 40; config } /// Create `LLaMA` 30B configuration #[must_use] pub fn llama_30b() -> Self { let mut config = Self::default(); config.hidden_size = 6656; config.intermediate_size = 17920; config.num_hidden_layers = 60; config.num_attention_heads = 52; config.num_key_value_heads = 52; config } /// Create `LLaMA` 65B configuration #[must_use] pub fn llama_65b() -> Self { let mut config = Self::default(); config.hidden_size = 8192; config.intermediate_size = 22016; config.num_hidden_layers = 80; config.num_attention_heads = 64; config.num_key_value_heads = 64; config } /// Create Code Llama configuration pub fn code_llama(base_size: &str) -> Result { let mut config = match base_size { "7b" => Self::llama_7b(), "13b" => Self::llama_13b(), "34b" => { let mut config = Self::default(); config.hidden_size = 8192; config.intermediate_size = 22016; config.num_hidden_layers = 48; config.num_attention_heads = 64; config.num_key_value_heads = 8; // Grouped-query attention config.max_position_embeddings = 16384; // Extended context config } _ => { return Err(TransformerError::config(format!( "Unsupported Code Llama size: {base_size}" ))); } }; // Code Llama specific adjustments config.vocab_size = 32016; // Extended vocabulary config.rope_theta = 1000000.0; // Extended RoPE Ok(config) } /// Validate configuration parameters pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<()> { if self.vocab_size == 0 { return Err(TransformerError::Generic( "vocab_size must be positive".to_string(), )); } if self.hidden_size == 0 { return Err(TransformerError::Generic( "hidden_size must be positive".to_string(), )); } if self.num_hidden_layers == 0 { return Err(TransformerError::Generic( "num_hidden_layers must be positive".to_string(), )); } if self.num_attention_heads == 0 { return Err(TransformerError::Generic( "num_attention_heads must be positive".to_string(), )); } if !self.hidden_size.is_multiple_of(self.num_attention_heads) { return Err(TransformerError::Generic( "hidden_size must be divisible by num_attention_heads".to_string(), )); } Ok(()) } } /// Rotary Position Embedding (`RoPE`) implementation #[derive(Debug)] pub struct RotaryPositionEmbedding { dim: usize, max_seq_len: usize, theta: f64, device: Device, // Precomputed frequency tensors for efficiency cos_cached: Option, sin_cached: Option, } impl RotaryPositionEmbedding { /// Create new `RoPE` layer pub fn new(dim: usize, max_seq_len: usize, theta: f64, device: &Device) -> Result { let mut rope = Self { dim, max_seq_len, theta, device: device.clone(), cos_cached: None, sin_cached: None, }; // Precompute cos/sin values for efficiency rope.precompute_freqs(max_seq_len)?; Ok(rope) } /// Precompute frequency tensors fn precompute_freqs(&mut self, seq_len: usize) -> Result<()> { // Create frequency tensor: theta^(-2k/dim) for k = 0, 1, ..., dim//2-1 let half_dim = self.dim / 2; let freqs: Vec = (0..half_dim) .map(|i| 1.0 / self.theta.powf(2.0 * i as f64 / self.dim as f64) as f32) .collect(); let freq_tensor = Tensor::from_vec(freqs, &[half_dim], &self.device)?; // Create position tensor: [0, 1, 2, ..., seq_len-1] let positions: Vec = (0..seq_len).map(|i| i as f32).collect(); let pos_tensor = Tensor::from_vec(positions, &[seq_len], &self.device)?; // Compute outer product: pos[i] * freq[j] for all i, j let pos_expanded = pos_tensor.unsqueeze(1)?; // [seq_len, 1] let freq_expanded = freq_tensor.unsqueeze(0)?; // [1, half_dim] let angles = pos_expanded.matmul(&freq_expanded)?; // [seq_len, half_dim] // Compute cos and sin self.cos_cached = Some(angles.cos()?); self.sin_cached = Some(angles.sin()?); Ok(()) } /// Apply rotary position encoding to queries and keys pub fn forward(&self, q: &Tensor, k: &Tensor, seq_len: usize) -> Result<(Tensor, Tensor)> { if seq_len > self.max_seq_len { return Err(TransformerError::architecture(format!( "Sequence length {} exceeds maximum {}", seq_len, self.max_seq_len ))); } // Get cached cos/sin values let cos = self.cos_cached.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| { TransformerError::architecture("RoPE frequencies not precomputed".to_string()) })?; let sin = self.sin_cached.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| { TransformerError::architecture("RoPE frequencies not precomputed".to_string()) })?; // Apply rotary position encoding let q_rot = self.apply_rotary_pos_emb(q, cos, sin, seq_len)?; let k_rot = self.apply_rotary_pos_emb(k, cos, sin, seq_len)?; Ok((q_rot, k_rot)) } /// Apply rotary position embedding to a tensor fn apply_rotary_pos_emb( &self, x: &Tensor, cos: &Tensor, sin: &Tensor, seq_len: usize, ) -> Result { // Extract shape: [batch_size, seq_len, num_heads, head_dim] let shape = x.shape(); let batch_size = shape[0]; let input_seq_len = shape[1]; let num_heads = shape[2]; let head_dim = shape[3]; let actual_seq_len = input_seq_len.min(seq_len); // Reshape x to [batch_size, seq_len, num_heads, head_dim/2, 2] let half_dim = head_dim / 2; let x_reshaped = x.view([batch_size, actual_seq_len, num_heads, half_dim, 2])?; // Split into x1 and x2 (real and imaginary parts) let x1 = x_reshaped.slice(4, 0, 1)?; // [..., 0] let x2 = x_reshaped.slice(4, 1, 2)?; // [..., 1] // Get cos/sin for the sequence length let cos_seq = cos.slice(0, 0, actual_seq_len)?; // [actual_seq_len, half_dim] let sin_seq = sin.slice(0, 0, actual_seq_len)?; // [actual_seq_len, half_dim] // Expand cos/sin to match tensor dimensions // [actual_seq_len, half_dim] -> [1, actual_seq_len, 1, half_dim, 1] let cos_expanded = cos_seq.view([1, actual_seq_len, 1, half_dim, 1])?; let sin_expanded = sin_seq.view([1, actual_seq_len, 1, half_dim, 1])?; // Apply rotation: // x_rot1 = x1 * cos - x2 * sin // x_rot2 = x1 * sin + x2 * cos let x_rot1 = x1.mul(&cos_expanded)?.sub(&x2.mul(&sin_expanded)?)?; let x_rot2 = x1.mul(&sin_expanded)?.add(&x2.mul(&cos_expanded)?)?; // Concatenate rotated parts let x_rot = Tensor::cat(&[x_rot1, x_rot2], 4)?; // Reshape back to original shape x_rot .view([batch_size, actual_seq_len, num_heads, head_dim]) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } } /// `LLaMA` Multi-Head Attention with `RoPE` and GQA #[derive(Debug)] pub struct LLaMAAttention { num_heads: usize, num_key_value_heads: usize, head_dim: usize, hidden_size: usize, rope: RotaryPositionEmbedding, // Linear projection weights q_proj: Tensor, k_proj: Tensor, v_proj: Tensor, o_proj: Tensor, device: Device, } impl LLaMAAttention { /// Create new `LLaMA` attention layer pub fn new(config: &LLaMAConfig, device: &Device) -> Result { let head_dim = config.hidden_size / config.num_attention_heads; let rope = RotaryPositionEmbedding::new( head_dim, config.max_position_embeddings, config.rope_theta, device, )?; // Initialize projection weights let scale = (config.hidden_size as f32).recip().sqrt(); // Query projection: [hidden_size, num_heads * head_dim] let q_proj = Tensor::randn( &[config.hidden_size, config.num_attention_heads * head_dim], device, )? .mul_scalar(scale)?; // Key and Value projections for GQA: [hidden_size, num_kv_heads * head_dim] let k_proj = Tensor::randn( &[config.hidden_size, config.num_key_value_heads * head_dim], device, )? .mul_scalar(scale)?; let v_proj = Tensor::randn( &[config.hidden_size, config.num_key_value_heads * head_dim], device, )? .mul_scalar(scale)?; // Output projection: [num_heads * head_dim, hidden_size] let o_proj = Tensor::randn( &[config.num_attention_heads * head_dim, config.hidden_size], device, )? .mul_scalar(scale)?; Ok(Self { num_heads: config.num_attention_heads, num_key_value_heads: config.num_key_value_heads, head_dim, hidden_size: config.hidden_size, rope, q_proj, k_proj, v_proj, o_proj, device: device.clone(), }) } /// Forward pass of attention pub fn forward(&self, hidden_states: &Tensor, position_ids: Option<&Tensor>) -> Result { let batch_size = hidden_states.shape()[0]; let seq_len = hidden_states.shape()[1]; // 1. Linear projections let q = self.compute_queries(hidden_states)?; let k = self.compute_keys(hidden_states)?; let v = self.compute_values(hidden_states)?; // Reshape for multi-head attention // Q: [batch, seq, num_heads, head_dim] let q = q.view([batch_size, seq_len, self.num_heads, self.head_dim])?; // K, V: [batch, seq, num_kv_heads, head_dim] let k = k.view([batch_size, seq_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim])?; let v = v.view([batch_size, seq_len, self.num_key_value_heads, self.head_dim])?; // 2. Apply rotary position encoding let (q, k) = self.rope.forward(&q, &k, seq_len)?; // 3. Expand K, V for grouped-query attention if needed let (k, v) = if self.num_key_value_heads < self.num_heads { let repeat_factor = self.num_heads / self.num_key_value_heads; let k = self.repeat_kv(&k, repeat_factor)?; let v = self.repeat_kv(&v, repeat_factor)?; (k, v) } else { (k, v) }; // 4. Compute scaled dot-product attention let attention_output = self.scaled_dot_product_attention(&q, &k, &v)?; // 5. Reshape and apply output projection let attention_output = attention_output.view([batch_size, seq_len, self.num_heads * self.head_dim])?; let output = attention_output.matmul(&self.o_proj)?; Ok(output) } /// Compute query projections fn compute_queries(&self, hidden_states: &Tensor) -> Result { hidden_states .matmul(&self.q_proj) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } /// Compute key projections fn compute_keys(&self, hidden_states: &Tensor) -> Result { hidden_states .matmul(&self.k_proj) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } /// Compute value projections fn compute_values(&self, hidden_states: &Tensor) -> Result { hidden_states .matmul(&self.v_proj) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } /// Repeat key/value tensors for grouped-query attention fn repeat_kv(&self, tensor: &Tensor, repeat_factor: usize) -> Result { if repeat_factor == 1 { return Ok(tensor.clone()); } let shape = tensor.shape(); let batch_size = shape[0]; let seq_len = shape[1]; let num_kv_heads = shape[2]; let head_dim = shape[3]; // Expand tensor by repeating along the head dimension // [batch, seq, num_kv_heads, head_dim] -> [batch, seq, num_kv_heads, repeat_factor, head_dim] let expanded = tensor.unsqueeze(3)?; // [batch, seq, num_kv_heads, 1, head_dim] let repeated = expanded.expand(&[batch_size, seq_len, num_kv_heads, repeat_factor, head_dim])?; // Reshape to [batch, seq, num_kv_heads * repeat_factor, head_dim] repeated .view([batch_size, seq_len, num_kv_heads * repeat_factor, head_dim]) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } /// Compute scaled dot-product attention fn scaled_dot_product_attention(&self, q: &Tensor, k: &Tensor, v: &Tensor) -> Result { let scale = (self.head_dim as f32).recip().sqrt(); // Transpose for attention computation: [batch, seq, heads, dim] -> [batch, heads, seq, dim] let q = q.transpose(1, 2)?; let k = k.transpose(1, 2)?; let v = v.transpose(1, 2)?; // Compute attention scores: Q @ K^T / sqrt(d_k) let k_transposed = k.transpose(-2, -1)?; let attention_scores = q.matmul(&k_transposed)?.mul_scalar(scale)?; // Apply causal mask (lower triangular) let seq_len = attention_scores.shape()[2]; let causal_mask = self.create_causal_mask(seq_len)?; let masked_scores = attention_scores.add(&causal_mask)?; // Apply softmax let attention_probs = masked_scores.softmax(-1)?; // Apply attention to values: attention_probs @ V let attention_output = attention_probs.matmul(&v)?; // Transpose back: [batch, heads, seq, dim] -> [batch, seq, heads, dim] attention_output .transpose(1, 2) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } /// Create causal attention mask fn create_causal_mask(&self, seq_len: usize) -> Result { // Create a lower triangular mask filled with 0s and -inf let mut mask_data = Vec::with_capacity(seq_len * seq_len); for i in 0..seq_len { for j in 0..seq_len { if j <= i { mask_data.push(0.0f32); // Allow attention } else { mask_data.push(f32::NEG_INFINITY); // Mask future positions } } } Tensor::from_vec(mask_data, &[seq_len, seq_len], &self.device) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } } /// `RMSNorm` layer for `LLaMA` #[derive(Debug)] pub struct RMSNorm { hidden_size: usize, eps: f64, weight: Tensor, } impl RMSNorm { /// Create new `RMSNorm` layer pub fn new(hidden_size: usize, eps: f64, device: &Device) -> Result { // Initialize weight to ones let weight = Tensor::ones([hidden_size], device)?; Ok(Self { hidden_size, eps, weight, }) } /// Get the weight tensor (for parameter access) #[must_use] pub fn weight(&self) -> &Tensor { &self.weight } /// Forward pass of `RMSNorm` pub fn forward(&self, hidden_states: &Tensor) -> Result { // RMSNorm: x / sqrt(mean(x^2) + eps) * weight // Compute x^2 let x_squared = hidden_states.mul(hidden_states)?; // Compute mean along last dimension (hidden_size) let mean_squared = x_squared.mean_dim(-1, true)?; // Keep dim for broadcasting // Add epsilon for numerical stability let variance = mean_squared.add_scalar(self.eps as f32)?; // Compute 1 / sqrt(variance) let inv_std = variance.rsqrt()?; // Normalize let normalized = hidden_states.mul(&inv_std)?; // Apply learnable weight normalized .mul(&self.weight) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } } /// `SwiGLU` activation function for `LLaMA` MLP #[derive(Debug)] pub struct SwiGLU { gate_proj: Tensor, // W_gate: [hidden_size, intermediate_size] up_proj: Tensor, // W_up: [hidden_size, intermediate_size] down_proj: Tensor, // W_down: [intermediate_size, hidden_size] } impl SwiGLU { /// Create new `SwiGLU` layer pub fn new(config: &LLaMAConfig, device: &Device) -> Result { let scale = (config.hidden_size as f32).recip().sqrt(); // Initialize projection weights let gate_proj = Tensor::randn(&[config.hidden_size, config.intermediate_size], device)? .mul_scalar(scale)?; let up_proj = Tensor::randn(&[config.hidden_size, config.intermediate_size], device)? .mul_scalar(scale)?; let down_proj = Tensor::randn(&[config.intermediate_size, config.hidden_size], device)? .mul_scalar(scale)?; Ok(Self { gate_proj, up_proj, down_proj, }) } /// Forward pass of `SwiGLU` pub fn forward(&self, hidden_states: &Tensor) -> Result { // SwiGLU(x) = Swish(xW_gate) * (xW_up) @ W_down // where Swish(x) = x * sigmoid(x) // Gate projection and activation let gate_output = hidden_states.matmul(&self.gate_proj)?; let gate_activated = self.swish(&gate_output)?; // Up projection (no activation) let up_output = hidden_states.matmul(&self.up_proj)?; // Element-wise multiplication (gating) let gated = gate_activated.mul(&up_output)?; // Down projection gated .matmul(&self.down_proj) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } /// Swish activation function: x * sigmoid(x) fn swish(&self, x: &Tensor) -> Result { // Swish(x) = x * sigmoid(x) = x * (1 / (1 + exp(-x))) let sigmoid = x.sigmoid()?; x.mul(&sigmoid) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } } /// `LLaMA` MLP layer #[derive(Debug)] pub struct LLaMAMLP { swiglu: SwiGLU, // TODO: Add down projection } impl LLaMAMLP { /// Create new `LLaMA` MLP layer pub fn new(config: &LLaMAConfig, device: &Device) -> Result { let swiglu = SwiGLU::new(config, device)?; Ok(Self { swiglu }) } /// Forward pass of MLP pub fn forward(&self, hidden_states: &Tensor) -> Result { // TODO: Implement proper MLP computation // For now, just pass through SwiGLU self.swiglu.forward(hidden_states) } } /// Complete `LLaMA` transformer layer #[derive(Debug)] pub struct LLaMADecoderLayer { self_attn: LLaMAAttention, mlp: LLaMAMLP, input_layernorm: RMSNorm, post_attention_layernorm: RMSNorm, } impl LLaMADecoderLayer { /// Create new `LLaMA` decoder layer pub fn new(config: &LLaMAConfig, device: &Device) -> Result { let self_attn = LLaMAAttention::new(config, device)?; let mlp = LLaMAMLP::new(config, device)?; let input_layernorm = RMSNorm::new(config.hidden_size, config.rms_norm_eps, device)?; let post_attention_layernorm = RMSNorm::new(config.hidden_size, config.rms_norm_eps, device)?; Ok(Self { self_attn, mlp, input_layernorm, post_attention_layernorm, }) } /// Forward pass of decoder layer pub fn forward( &self, hidden_states: &Tensor, attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>, ) -> Result { // Pre-attention norm let normed_hidden_states = self.input_layernorm.forward(hidden_states)?; // Self-attention with residual connection let attn_output = self .self_attn .forward(&normed_hidden_states, attention_mask)?; let hidden_states = hidden_states.add(&attn_output)?; // Pre-MLP norm let normed_hidden_states = self.post_attention_layernorm.forward(&hidden_states)?; // MLP with residual connection let mlp_output = self.mlp.forward(&normed_hidden_states)?; let hidden_states = hidden_states.add(&mlp_output)?; Ok(hidden_states) } } /// Complete `LLaMA` model #[derive(Debug)] pub struct LLaMAModel { config: LLaMAConfig, layers: Vec, norm: RMSNorm, // TODO: Add embed_tokens and lm_head } impl LLaMAModel { /// Create new `LLaMA` model pub fn new(config: LLaMAConfig, device: &Device) -> Result { let mut layers = Vec::new(); for _ in 0..config.num_hidden_layers { layers.push(LLaMADecoderLayer::new(&config, device)?); } let norm = RMSNorm::new(config.hidden_size, config.rms_norm_eps, device)?; Ok(Self { config, layers, norm, }) } /// Forward pass of `LLaMA` model pub fn forward(&self, input_ids: &Tensor, _attention_mask: Option<&Tensor>) -> Result { // TODO: Implement proper forward pass with: // 1. Token embeddings // 2. All transformer layers // 3. Final normalization // 4. Language modeling head // For now, just return a dummy tensor let device = Device::cuda(0).unwrap_or_default(); Tensor::zeros( vec![1, input_ids.shape().dims()[1], self.config.hidden_size], &device, ) .map_err(|e| TransformerError::tensor_op(e.to_string())) } }