//! Real-time validation pipeline with streaming support //! //! This module provides a comprehensive validation pipeline for both batch and //! streaming data processing with configurable validation stages and metrics collection. use std::collections::VecDeque; use std::sync::Arc; use std::time::{Duration, Instant}; use async_trait::async_trait; use parking_lot::RwLock; use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize}; use tokio::sync::oneshot; use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn}; use crate::{ DataRecord, Result, ValidationError, engine::{ValidationEngine, ValidationResult}, metrics::ValidationMetrics, }; /// Main validation pipeline #[derive(Debug)] pub struct ValidationPipeline { /// Pipeline configuration pub config: PipelineConfig, /// Validation stages pub stages: Vec>, /// Pipeline metrics pub metrics: Arc>, /// Pipeline state pub state: Arc>, } /// Configuration for validation pipeline #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct PipelineConfig { /// Pipeline name pub name: String, /// Maximum concurrent validations pub max_concurrent: usize, /// Batch size for batch processing pub batch_size: usize, /// Buffer size for streaming pub buffer_size: usize, /// Timeout for individual validations pub validation_timeout_ms: u64, /// Enable metrics collection pub collect_metrics: bool, /// Error handling strategy pub error_handling: ErrorHandlingStrategy, /// Retry configuration pub retry_config: RetryConfig, /// Performance tuning parameters pub performance_config: PerformanceConfig, } /// Error handling strategies #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum ErrorHandlingStrategy { /// Fail fast - stop on first error FailFast, /// Continue processing - collect all errors ContinueOnError, /// Skip invalid records SkipInvalid, /// Use fallback validation Fallback, } /// Retry configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct RetryConfig { /// Maximum number of retries pub max_retries: u32, /// Base delay between retries in milliseconds pub base_delay_ms: u64, /// Exponential backoff multiplier pub backoff_multiplier: f64, /// Maximum delay between retries pub max_delay_ms: u64, /// Enable jitter for retry delays pub enable_jitter: bool, } /// Performance configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct PerformanceConfig { /// Enable parallel processing pub parallel_processing: bool, /// CPU usage limit (percentage) pub cpu_limit_percent: f64, /// Memory usage limit (bytes) pub memory_limit_bytes: usize, /// I/O throttling settings pub io_throttling: IoThrottling, /// Cache configuration pub cache_config: CacheConfig, } /// I/O throttling settings #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct IoThrottling { /// Enable I/O throttling pub enabled: bool, /// Maximum I/O operations per second pub max_iops: u32, /// Maximum bandwidth in bytes per second pub max_bandwidth_bps: u64, } /// Cache configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct CacheConfig { /// Enable validation result caching pub enabled: bool, /// Cache size limit pub size_limit: usize, /// Cache TTL in seconds pub ttl_seconds: u64, /// Cache eviction policy pub eviction_policy: CacheEvictionPolicy, } /// Cache eviction policies #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum CacheEvictionPolicy { /// Least Recently Used LRU, /// Least Frequently Used LFU, /// Time-based expiration TTL, /// First In First Out FIFO, } /// Pipeline state #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct PipelineState { /// Current pipeline status pub status: PipelineStatus, /// Number of records processed pub records_processed: usize, /// Number of validation failures pub validation_failures: usize, /// Processing start time pub started_at: Option>, /// Last activity timestamp pub last_activity: Option>, /// Current throughput (records per second) pub current_throughput: f64, /// Error details pub errors: Vec, } /// Pipeline status #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum PipelineStatus { /// Pipeline is idle Idle, /// Pipeline is starting up Starting, /// Pipeline is running Running, /// Pipeline is paused Paused, /// Pipeline is stopping Stopping, /// Pipeline has stopped Stopped, /// Pipeline encountered an error Error, } /// Pipeline error #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct PipelineError { /// Error timestamp pub timestamp: chrono::DateTime, /// Error message pub message: String, /// Error code pub code: String, /// Record ID that caused the error (if applicable) pub record_id: Option, /// Stage where error occurred pub stage: String, /// Error severity pub severity: ErrorSeverity, } /// Error severity levels #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum ErrorSeverity { /// Information level Info, /// Warning level Warning, /// Error level Error, /// Critical error level Critical, } /// Validation stage trait #[async_trait] pub trait ValidationStage: Send + Sync + std::fmt::Debug { /// Stage name fn name(&self) -> &str; /// Stage description fn description(&self) -> &str; /// Execute validation stage async fn execute(&self, record: &DataRecord) -> Result; /// Check if stage is enabled fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool { true } /// Stage priority (higher number = higher priority) fn priority(&self) -> u32 { 0 } } /// Streaming validator for real-time processing #[derive(Debug)] pub struct StreamingValidator { /// Validation engine pub engine: Arc, /// Stream configuration pub config: StreamConfig, /// Processing buffer pub buffer: Arc>>, /// Stream metrics pub metrics: Arc>, } /// Configuration for streaming validation #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct StreamConfig { /// Buffer size for incoming records pub buffer_size: usize, /// Batch size for processing pub batch_size: usize, /// Processing interval in milliseconds pub processing_interval_ms: u64, /// Maximum latency before forced processing pub max_latency_ms: u64, /// Backpressure handling strategy pub backpressure_strategy: BackpressureStrategy, /// Window configuration for windowed operations pub window_config: Option, } /// Backpressure handling strategies #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum BackpressureStrategy { /// Drop oldest records when buffer is full DropOldest, /// Drop newest records when buffer is full DropNewest, /// Block until buffer has space Block, /// Apply sampling to reduce load Sample(f64), /// Use spillover to disk Spillover, } /// Window configuration for streaming operations #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct WindowConfig { /// Window type pub window_type: WindowType, /// Window size pub window_size: Duration, /// Slide interval (for sliding windows) pub slide_interval: Option, /// Allow late arrivals pub allow_late_arrivals: bool, /// Maximum lateness allowed pub max_lateness: Option, } /// Types of streaming windows #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum WindowType { /// Tumbling window (non-overlapping) Tumbling, /// Sliding window (overlapping) Sliding, /// Session window (gap-based) Session, /// Global window (all data) Global, } /// Stream processing metrics #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct StreamMetrics { /// Records per second pub records_per_second: f64, /// Average processing latency pub avg_latency_ms: f64, /// 99th percentile latency pub p99_latency_ms: f64, /// Buffer utilization percentage pub buffer_utilization: f64, /// Backpressure events count pub backpressure_events: usize, /// Dropped records count pub dropped_records: usize, /// Processing errors count pub processing_errors: usize, } /// Batch validator for batch processing #[derive(Debug)] pub struct BatchValidator { /// Validation engine pub engine: Arc, /// Batch configuration pub config: BatchConfig, /// Batch metrics pub metrics: Arc>, } /// Configuration for batch validation #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct BatchConfig { /// Batch size pub batch_size: usize, /// Maximum concurrent batches pub max_concurrent_batches: usize, /// Batch timeout in milliseconds pub batch_timeout_ms: u64, /// Checkpoint interval (number of batches) pub checkpoint_interval: usize, /// Enable batch optimization pub enable_optimization: bool, /// Memory limit per batch pub memory_limit_per_batch: usize, } /// Batch processing metrics #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct BatchMetrics { /// Total batches processed pub batches_processed: usize, /// Average batch processing time pub avg_batch_time_ms: f64, /// Records processed per batch (average) pub avg_records_per_batch: f64, /// Total processing time pub total_processing_time_ms: u64, /// Throughput (records per second) pub throughput_rps: f64, /// Failed batches count pub failed_batches: usize, } /// Validation command for pipeline control #[derive(Debug)] pub enum ValidationCommand { /// Start validation pipeline Start, /// Stop validation pipeline Stop, /// Pause validation pipeline Pause, /// Resume validation pipeline Resume, /// Process single record ProcessRecord { record: DataRecord, response: oneshot::Sender>, }, /// Process batch of records ProcessBatch { records: Vec, response: oneshot::Sender>>, }, /// Get pipeline status GetStatus { response: oneshot::Sender, }, /// Get pipeline metrics GetMetrics { response: oneshot::Sender, }, } impl Default for PipelineConfig { fn default() -> Self { Self { name: "default_pipeline".to_string(), max_concurrent: 10, batch_size: 100, buffer_size: 1000, validation_timeout_ms: 5000, collect_metrics: true, error_handling: ErrorHandlingStrategy::ContinueOnError, retry_config: RetryConfig::default(), performance_config: PerformanceConfig::default(), } } } impl Default for RetryConfig { fn default() -> Self { Self { max_retries: 3, base_delay_ms: 100, backoff_multiplier: 2.0, max_delay_ms: 5000, enable_jitter: true, } } } impl Default for PerformanceConfig { fn default() -> Self { Self { parallel_processing: true, cpu_limit_percent: 80.0, memory_limit_bytes: 1_000_000_000, // 1GB io_throttling: IoThrottling { enabled: false, max_iops: 1000, max_bandwidth_bps: 100_000_000, // 100MB/s }, cache_config: CacheConfig { enabled: true, size_limit: 10000, ttl_seconds: 300, eviction_policy: CacheEvictionPolicy::LRU, }, } } } impl Default for StreamConfig { fn default() -> Self { Self { buffer_size: 1000, batch_size: 100, processing_interval_ms: 1000, max_latency_ms: 5000, backpressure_strategy: BackpressureStrategy::DropOldest, window_config: None, } } } impl Default for BatchConfig { fn default() -> Self { Self { batch_size: 1000, max_concurrent_batches: 5, batch_timeout_ms: 30000, checkpoint_interval: 10, enable_optimization: true, memory_limit_per_batch: 100_000_000, // 100MB } } } impl ValidationPipeline { /// Create a new validation pipeline pub fn new(config: PipelineConfig) -> Self { Self { config, stages: Vec::new(), metrics: Arc::new(RwLock::new(ValidationMetrics::new())), state: Arc::new(RwLock::new(PipelineState { status: PipelineStatus::Idle, records_processed: 0, validation_failures: 0, started_at: None, last_activity: None, current_throughput: 0.0, errors: Vec::new(), })), } } /// Add a validation stage to the pipeline pub fn add_stage(&mut self, stage: Arc) { self.stages.push(stage); // Sort stages by priority self.stages.sort_by(|a, b| b.priority().cmp(&a.priority())); } /// Start the validation pipeline pub async fn start(&mut self) -> Result<()> { info!("Starting validation pipeline: {}", self.config.name); { let mut state = self.state.write(); state.status = PipelineStatus::Starting; state.started_at = Some(chrono::Utc::now()); } // Perform startup validation if self.stages.is_empty() { warn!("Pipeline has no validation stages configured"); } { let mut state = self.state.write(); state.status = PipelineStatus::Running; } info!("Validation pipeline started successfully"); Ok(()) } /// Stop the validation pipeline pub async fn stop(&mut self) -> Result<()> { info!("Stopping validation pipeline: {}", self.config.name); { let mut state = self.state.write(); state.status = PipelineStatus::Stopping; } // Wait for active validations to complete tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await; { let mut state = self.state.write(); state.status = PipelineStatus::Stopped; } info!("Validation pipeline stopped"); Ok(()) } /// Process a single record through the pipeline pub async fn process_record(&self, record: &DataRecord) -> Result { let start_time = Instant::now(); // Check pipeline status { let state = self.state.read(); if state.status != PipelineStatus::Running { return Err(ValidationError::Pipeline( "Pipeline is not running".to_string(), )); } } // Execute all validation stages let mut final_result = ValidationResult { is_valid: true, rule_results: Vec::new(), quality_score: None, profile: None, anomaly_results: Vec::new(), schema_validation: None, performance: crate::metrics::PerformanceMetrics::default(), timestamp: chrono::Utc::now(), }; for stage in &self.stages { if !stage.is_enabled() { continue; } debug!("Executing stage: {}", stage.name()); match tokio::time::timeout( Duration::from_millis(self.config.validation_timeout_ms), stage.execute(record), ) .await { Ok(Ok(stage_result)) => { // Merge stage result into final result final_result.rule_results.extend(stage_result.rule_results); final_result .anomaly_results .extend(stage_result.anomaly_results); if !stage_result.is_valid { final_result.is_valid = false; } if stage_result.quality_score.is_some() { final_result.quality_score = stage_result.quality_score; } if stage_result.profile.is_some() { final_result.profile = stage_result.profile; } if stage_result.schema_validation.is_some() { final_result.schema_validation = stage_result.schema_validation; } } Ok(Err(e)) => { error!("Stage {} failed: {}", stage.name(), e); match self.config.error_handling { ErrorHandlingStrategy::FailFast => return Err(e), ErrorHandlingStrategy::ContinueOnError => { final_result.is_valid = false; self.record_error( &format!("Stage {} failed", stage.name()), &e.to_string(), Some(&record.id), stage.name(), ); } ErrorHandlingStrategy::SkipInvalid => { return Err(ValidationError::Pipeline( "Record skipped due to stage failure".to_string(), )); } ErrorHandlingStrategy::Fallback => { // Use fallback validation (simplified) final_result.is_valid = false; } } } Err(_) => { error!("Stage {} timed out", stage.name()); match self.config.error_handling { ErrorHandlingStrategy::FailFast => { return Err(ValidationError::Pipeline("Stage timeout".to_string())); } _ => { final_result.is_valid = false; self.record_error( "Stage timeout", "Validation stage exceeded timeout", Some(&record.id), stage.name(), ); } } } } } // Update metrics and state let duration = start_time.elapsed(); { let mut state = self.state.write(); state.records_processed += 1; if !final_result.is_valid { state.validation_failures += 1; } state.last_activity = Some(chrono::Utc::now()); // Simple throughput calculation if let Some(started_at) = state.started_at { let elapsed_seconds = (chrono::Utc::now() - started_at).num_seconds() as f64; if elapsed_seconds > 0.0 { state.current_throughput = state.records_processed as f64 / elapsed_seconds; } } } if self.config.collect_metrics { let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.record_validation(duration, final_result.is_valid); } final_result.performance.validation_duration_ms = duration.as_millis() as u64; final_result.performance.rule_count = final_result.rule_results.len(); final_result.performance.records_processed = 1; Ok(final_result) } /// Process multiple records in batch pub async fn process_batch(&self, records: &[DataRecord]) -> Result> { let mut results = Vec::with_capacity(records.len()); // Process records sequentially for now (parallel processing can be added later with proper Arc/Mutex) { // Sequential processing for record in records { match self.process_record(record).await { Ok(result) => results.push(result), Err(e) => match self.config.error_handling { ErrorHandlingStrategy::FailFast => return Err(e), ErrorHandlingStrategy::SkipInvalid => continue, _ => { results.push(ValidationResult { is_valid: false, rule_results: Vec::new(), quality_score: None, profile: None, anomaly_results: Vec::new(), schema_validation: None, performance: crate::metrics::PerformanceMetrics::default(), timestamp: chrono::Utc::now(), }); } }, } } } Ok(results) } /// Get current pipeline status pub fn status(&self) -> PipelineState { self.state.read().clone() } /// Get pipeline metrics pub fn metrics(&self) -> ValidationMetrics { self.metrics.read().clone() } fn record_error(&self, message: &str, details: &str, record_id: Option<&str>, stage: &str) { let error = PipelineError { timestamp: chrono::Utc::now(), message: message.to_string(), code: "STAGE_ERROR".to_string(), record_id: record_id.map(|s| s.to_string()), stage: stage.to_string(), severity: ErrorSeverity::Error, }; let mut state = self.state.write(); state.errors.push(error); // Limit error history if state.errors.len() > 1000 { state.errors.remove(0); } } } impl StreamingValidator { /// Create a new streaming validator pub fn new(engine: Arc, config: StreamConfig) -> Self { let buffer_size = config.buffer_size; Self { engine, config, buffer: Arc::new(RwLock::new(VecDeque::with_capacity(buffer_size))), metrics: Arc::new(RwLock::new(StreamMetrics { records_per_second: 0.0, avg_latency_ms: 0.0, p99_latency_ms: 0.0, buffer_utilization: 0.0, backpressure_events: 0, dropped_records: 0, processing_errors: 0, })), } } /// Add a record to the stream buffer pub async fn add_record(&self, record: DataRecord) -> Result<()> { let mut buffer = self.buffer.write(); if buffer.len() >= self.config.buffer_size { // Handle backpressure match self.config.backpressure_strategy { BackpressureStrategy::DropOldest => { buffer.pop_front(); let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.dropped_records += 1; metrics.backpressure_events += 1; } BackpressureStrategy::DropNewest => { let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.dropped_records += 1; metrics.backpressure_events += 1; return Ok(()); } BackpressureStrategy::Block => { // Drop lock and wait, then retry drop(buffer); tokio::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10)).await; return Box::pin(self.add_record(record)).await; } BackpressureStrategy::Sample(rate) => { if rand::random::() > rate { let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.dropped_records += 1; return Ok(()); } } BackpressureStrategy::Spillover => { // In a real implementation, would spill to disk buffer.pop_front(); let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.dropped_records += 1; } } } buffer.push_back(record); Ok(()) } /// Process records from the stream buffer pub async fn process_stream(&self) -> Result> { let mut records_to_process = Vec::new(); { let mut buffer = self.buffer.write(); let batch_size = self.config.batch_size.min(buffer.len()); for _ in 0..batch_size { if let Some(record) = buffer.pop_front() { records_to_process.push(record); } } // Update buffer utilization metric let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.buffer_utilization = buffer.len() as f64 / self.config.buffer_size as f64 * 100.0; } if records_to_process.is_empty() { return Ok(Vec::new()); } // Process records let start_time = Instant::now(); let mut results = Vec::new(); for record in &records_to_process { match self.engine.validate(record).await { Ok(result) => results.push(result), Err(_e) => { let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.processing_errors += 1; } } } // Update metrics let duration = start_time.elapsed(); let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); let records_per_ms = records_to_process.len() as f64 / duration.as_millis() as f64; metrics.records_per_second = records_per_ms * 1000.0; metrics.avg_latency_ms = duration.as_millis() as f64 / records_to_process.len() as f64; Ok(results) } /// Get current stream metrics pub fn metrics(&self) -> StreamMetrics { self.metrics.read().clone() } } impl BatchValidator { /// Create a new batch validator pub fn new(engine: Arc, config: BatchConfig) -> Self { Self { engine, config, metrics: Arc::new(RwLock::new(BatchMetrics { batches_processed: 0, avg_batch_time_ms: 0.0, avg_records_per_batch: 0.0, total_processing_time_ms: 0, throughput_rps: 0.0, failed_batches: 0, })), } } /// Process a batch of records pub async fn process_batch(&self, records: Vec) -> Result> { let start_time = Instant::now(); let batch_size = records.len(); // Process batch with timeout let validation_future = self.engine.validate_batch(&records); let results = match tokio::time::timeout( Duration::from_millis(self.config.batch_timeout_ms), validation_future, ) .await { Ok(Ok(results)) => results, Ok(Err(e)) => { let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.failed_batches += 1; return Err(e); } Err(_) => { let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.failed_batches += 1; return Err(ValidationError::Pipeline("Batch timeout".to_string())); } }; // Update metrics let duration = start_time.elapsed(); let mut metrics = self.metrics.write(); metrics.batches_processed += 1; metrics.total_processing_time_ms += duration.as_millis() as u64; metrics.avg_batch_time_ms = metrics.total_processing_time_ms as f64 / metrics.batches_processed as f64; let total_records = metrics.batches_processed * batch_size; metrics.avg_records_per_batch = total_records as f64 / metrics.batches_processed as f64; let total_seconds = metrics.total_processing_time_ms as f64 / 1000.0; if total_seconds > 0.0 { metrics.throughput_rps = total_records as f64 / total_seconds; } Ok(results) } /// Get current batch metrics pub fn metrics(&self) -> BatchMetrics { self.metrics.read().clone() } } // Standard validation stage implementation #[derive(Debug)] pub struct StandardValidationStage { pub name: String, pub engine: Arc, pub enabled: bool, pub priority: u32, } #[async_trait] impl ValidationStage for StandardValidationStage { fn name(&self) -> &str { &self.name } fn description(&self) -> &str { "Standard validation using ValidationEngine" } async fn execute(&self, record: &DataRecord) -> Result { self.engine.validate(record).await } fn is_enabled(&self) -> bool { self.enabled } fn priority(&self) -> u32 { self.priority } } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; use crate::engine::ValidationEngine; use std::collections::HashMap; #[tokio::test] async fn test_pipeline_creation() { let config = PipelineConfig::default(); let pipeline = ValidationPipeline::new(config); assert_eq!(pipeline.stages.len(), 0); assert_eq!(pipeline.status().status, PipelineStatus::Idle); } #[tokio::test] async fn test_pipeline_start_stop() { let config = PipelineConfig::default(); let mut pipeline = ValidationPipeline::new(config); pipeline.start().await.unwrap(); assert_eq!(pipeline.status().status, PipelineStatus::Running); pipeline.stop().await.unwrap(); assert_eq!(pipeline.status().status, PipelineStatus::Stopped); } #[tokio::test] async fn test_streaming_validator() { let engine = Arc::new(ValidationEngine::new()); let config = StreamConfig::default(); let validator = StreamingValidator::new(engine, config); let record = crate::DataRecord { id: "test".to_string(), timestamp: chrono::Utc::now(), fields: HashMap::new(), metadata: HashMap::new(), }; validator.add_record(record).await.unwrap(); let results = validator.process_stream().await.unwrap(); assert!(!results.is_empty()); } #[tokio::test] async fn test_batch_validator() { let engine = Arc::new(ValidationEngine::new()); let config = BatchConfig::default(); let validator = BatchValidator::new(engine, config); let records = vec![crate::DataRecord { id: "test".to_string(), timestamp: chrono::Utc::now(), fields: HashMap::new(), metadata: HashMap::new(), }]; let results = validator.process_batch(records).await.unwrap(); assert!(!results.is_empty()); } #[test] fn test_error_severity_ordering() { assert!(ErrorSeverity::Info < ErrorSeverity::Warning); assert!(ErrorSeverity::Warning < ErrorSeverity::Error); assert!(ErrorSeverity::Error < ErrorSeverity::Critical); } }