//! Prescribed-motion piston channel: the moving-boundary, slip-wall and
//! pressure-outlet machinery against an exact solution.
//!
//! A channel `[s(t), L] x [0, H]` whose left wall (the piston) moves with
//! prescribed `s(t) = s0 sin(Omega t)`, slip walls top and bottom, and a
//! pressure outlet at `x = L`. For an incompressible fluid the exact
//! solution is a rigid column:
//!
//! ```text
//!     u(x, y, t) = s'(t)        (spatially uniform)
//!     v = 0
//!     p(x, t)    = rho s''(t) (L - x)      (linear, zero at the outlet)
//! ```
//!
//! and the discretisation reproduces it **exactly** — in space and in
//! time. Continuity forces the discrete `u` to equal the wall's discrete
//! velocity `(s(t1) - s(t0))/dt` in every cell, and the projected pressure
//! is exactly the linear field whose gradient produces the wall's discrete
//! *acceleration* (the backward difference of its discrete velocity). So
//! the assertions here are at rounding/solver-tolerance level against the
//! discrete references, not truncation level against the analytic ones:
//! the analytic comparison would only measure the O(dt) difference between
//! `s'(t)` and its finite differences, which says nothing about the
//! solver. First measured: `|u - wall|` ~8e-12, `|p - exact_disc|` at
//! solver-tolerance, `|v|` ~2e-12.
//!
//! This isolates the fluid half of the added-mass FSI benchmark
//! (`rtx-fsi/tests/piston_added_mass.rs`): if that test misbehaves and
//! this one is green, the coupling is at fault, not the fluid.

use rtx_cfd::solvers::incompressible::ale::{
    AleBoundaries, AleField, AleParameters, AlePisoSolver, SideBoundary,
};
use rtx_cfd::{CfdConfig, CfdResult};

const RHO: f64 = 1.0;
const L: f64 = 1.0;
const H: f64 = 0.25;
const NX: usize = 32;
const NY: usize = 4;
const S0: f64 = 0.02;
const OMEGA: f64 = 5.0;

fn s_of(t: f64) -> f64 {
    S0 * (OMEGA * t).sin()
}

fn s_dot(t: f64) -> f64 {
    S0 * OMEGA * (OMEGA * t).cos()
}

fn s_ddot(t: f64) -> f64 {
    -S0 * OMEGA * OMEGA * (OMEGA * t).sin()
}

/// Node lines for piston position `s`: linear stretch of the reference
/// spacing onto `[s, L]`.
fn lines_x(s: f64) -> Vec<f64> {
    (0..=NX)
        .map(|i| s + (L - s) * i as f64 / NX as f64)
        .collect()
}

fn lines_y() -> Vec<f64> {
    (0..=NY).map(|j| H * j as f64 / NY as f64).collect()
}

struct Errors {
    max_u: f64,
    max_v: f64,
    max_p: f64,
}

/// March to `t_end` and return worst-case deviations from the closed form,
/// measured over the second half of the run (past the start-up transient
/// of the impulsively consistent but discretely fresh initial state).
async fn measure(dt: f64, t_end: f64) -> CfdResult<Errors> {
    let config = CfdConfig::new()
        .with_density(RHO)
        .with_viscosity(1e-3)
        .with_reference_velocity(S0 * OMEGA)
        .with_reference_length(L);
    let params = AleParameters {
        corrector_steps: 30,
        tolerance: 1e-10,
        boundaries: AleBoundaries {
            left: SideBoundary::Velocity,
            right: SideBoundary::PressureOutlet,
            bottom: SideBoundary::SlipWall,
            top: SideBoundary::SlipWall,
        },
        ..AleParameters::default()
    };
    let mut solver = AlePisoSolver::new(config, params)?;

    let mut field = AleField::new(lines_x(0.0), lines_y())?;
    // Consistent initial state: u = s'(0) everywhere, p = rho s''(0) (L-x)
    // = 0 at t = 0.
    field.u.fill(s_dot(0.0));

    let steps = (t_end / dt).round() as usize;
    let mut worst = Errors {
        max_u: 0.0,
        max_v: 0.0,
        max_p: 0.0,
    };
    let mut previous_wall = s_dot(0.0);
    for step in 0..steps {
        let t0 = step as f64 * dt;
        let t1 = (step + 1) as f64 * dt;
        // A material wall: the prescribed velocity must be the mesh line's
        // own motion over the step, not the analytic s'(t).
        let wall = (s_of(t1) - s_of(t0)) / dt;
        solver
            .set_boundary_velocity(move |x, _y, _t| if x < 0.5 { (wall, 0.0) } else { (0.0, 0.0) });
        let result = solver
            .advance(&mut field, &lines_x(s_of(t1)), &lines_y(), dt)
            .await?;
        assert!(
            result.solver_result.converged,
            "step {step}: mass residual {:.3e}",
            result.solver_result.final_residual
        );

        if t1 >= 0.5 * t_end {
            // The discrete references: continuity makes every u equal the
            // wall's discrete velocity, and the projected pressure gradient
            // produces the wall's discrete acceleration.
            let a_disc = (wall - previous_wall) / dt;
            for value in field.u.iter() {
                worst.max_u = worst.max_u.max((value - wall).abs());
            }
            for value in field.v.iter() {
                worst.max_v = worst.max_v.max(value.abs());
            }
            let xc: Vec<f64> = field.x.windows(2).map(|w| 0.5 * (w[0] + w[1])).collect();
            for j in 0..NY {
                for i in 0..NX {
                    let p_ref = RHO * a_disc * (L - xc[i]);
                    worst.max_p = worst.max_p.max((field.p[(j, i)] - p_ref).abs());
                }
            }
        }
        previous_wall = wall;
    }
    Ok(worst)
}

#[tokio::test]
async fn prescribed_piston_drives_the_exact_rigid_column() -> CfdResult<()> {
    let t_end = 2.0;
    let coarse = measure(2e-3, t_end).await?;
    let fine = measure(1e-3, t_end).await?;

    let u_scale = S0 * OMEGA;
    let p_scale = RHO * S0 * OMEGA * OMEGA * L;
    println!(
        "  dt 2e-3: |u - s'| {:.3e}  |v| {:.3e}  |p - exact| {:.3e}",
        coarse.max_u, coarse.max_v, coarse.max_p
    );
    println!(
        "  dt 1e-3: |u - s'| {:.3e}  |v| {:.3e}  |p - exact| {:.3e}",
        fine.max_u, fine.max_v, fine.max_p
    );

    // The rigid column is exact discretely: rounding level, at both step
    // sizes, with no truncation term to refine away.
    for errors in [&coarse, &fine] {
        assert!(
            errors.max_u < 1e-9 * u_scale,
            "u deviates from the discrete wall velocity by {:.3e} \
             (scale {u_scale:.3e}) — the rigid column should be exact",
            errors.max_u
        );
        // Nothing drives v: it stays at rounding level.
        assert!(
            errors.max_v < 1e-9 * u_scale,
            "v should be identically zero, got {:.3e}",
            errors.max_v
        );
        // The pressure is the fluid's added-mass reaction — the quantity
        // the FSI benchmark feeds back to the structure. Exactly linear,
        // zero at the outlet, gradient rho times the wall's discrete
        // acceleration; the residual here is the projection's inner-solve
        // tolerance, not truncation.
        assert!(
            errors.max_p < 1e-5 * p_scale,
            "p deviates from rho a_disc (L - x) by {:.3e} (scale {p_scale:.3e})",
            errors.max_p
        );
    }
    Ok(())
}