//! Warmup learning rate scheduler
//!
//! Implements linear warmup for learning rate, essential for stable transformer training.

use crate::schedulers::LearningRateScheduler;
use crate::{Result, TransformerError};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use tracing::{debug, trace};

/// Linear warmup learning rate scheduler
///
/// During the warmup phase, the learning rate increases linearly from 0 to the base learning rate.
/// This helps stabilize training in the early stages, especially for large models.
///
/// # Mathematical Foundation
///
/// For step t during warmup (t < `warmup_steps)`:
/// - lr(t) = `base_lr` * (t / `warmup_steps`)
///
/// After warmup (t >= `warmup_steps)`:
/// - lr(t) = `base_lr`
///
/// # Benefits
/// - Prevents gradient explosion in early training
/// - Enables training with larger learning rates
/// - Essential for transformer model stability
/// - Commonly used in BERT, GPT, and other transformers
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct WarmupScheduler {
    /// Target learning rate after warmup
    base_lr: f64,
    /// Number of warmup steps
    warmup_steps: usize,
    /// Current step count
    current_step: usize,
}

impl WarmupScheduler {
    /// Create a new warmup scheduler
    ///
    /// # Arguments
    /// * `base_lr` - Target learning rate after warmup (must be positive)
    /// * `warmup_steps` - Number of steps for warmup (must be positive)
    ///
    /// # Errors
    /// Returns error if parameters are invalid
    pub fn new(base_lr: f64, warmup_steps: usize) -> Result<Self> {
        if base_lr <= 0.0 {
            return Err(TransformerError::generic(format!(
                "base_lr {base_lr} must be positive"
            )));
        }

        if warmup_steps == 0 {
            return Err(TransformerError::generic(format!(
                "warmup_steps {warmup_steps} must be greater than 0"
            )));
        }

        debug!(
            "Creating warmup scheduler: base_lr={}, warmup_steps={}",
            base_lr, warmup_steps
        );

        Ok(Self {
            base_lr,
            warmup_steps,
            current_step: 0,
        })
    }

    /// Get the number of warmup steps
    #[must_use]
    pub fn warmup_steps(&self) -> usize {
        self.warmup_steps
    }

    /// Check if currently in warmup phase
    #[must_use]
    pub fn in_warmup(&self, step: usize) -> bool {
        step < self.warmup_steps
    }

    /// Get the warmup progress (0.0 to 1.0)
    #[must_use]
    pub fn warmup_progress(&self, step: usize) -> f64 {
        if step >= self.warmup_steps {
            1.0
        } else {
            step as f64 / self.warmup_steps as f64
        }
    }
}

impl LearningRateScheduler for WarmupScheduler {
    fn get_lr(&self, _epoch: usize, step: usize) -> f64 {
        if step < self.warmup_steps {
            // Linear warmup: lr = base_lr * (step / warmup_steps)
            let progress = step as f64 / self.warmup_steps as f64;
            let lr = self.base_lr * progress;
            trace!(
                "Warmup step {}: progress={:.4}, lr={:.6}",
                step, progress, lr
            );
            lr
        } else {
            // After warmup: lr = base_lr
            trace!("Post-warmup step {}: lr={:.6}", step, self.base_lr);
            self.base_lr
        }
    }

    fn step(&mut self) {
        self.current_step += 1;
        trace!("Warmup scheduler stepped to: {}", self.current_step);
    }

    fn current_step(&self) -> usize {
        self.current_step
    }

    fn reset(&mut self) {
        self.current_step = 0;
        debug!("Reset warmup scheduler");
    }

    fn scheduler_type(&self) -> &'static str {
        "Warmup"
    }

    fn base_lr(&self) -> f64 {
        self.base_lr
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_warmup_creation() {
        let scheduler = WarmupScheduler::new(0.001, 1000).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(scheduler.base_lr(), 0.001);
        assert_eq!(scheduler.warmup_steps(), 1000);
        assert_eq!(scheduler.current_step(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_warmup_invalid_params() {
        assert!(WarmupScheduler::new(-0.001, 1000).is_err());
        assert!(WarmupScheduler::new(0.001, 0).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_warmup_progression() {
        let scheduler = WarmupScheduler::new(0.001, 100).unwrap();

        // At step 0
        let lr_0 = scheduler.get_lr(0, 0);
        assert_eq!(lr_0, 0.0);

        // At step 50 (halfway)
        let lr_50 = scheduler.get_lr(0, 50);
        assert!((lr_50 - 0.0005).abs() < 1e-10);

        // At step 100 (end of warmup)
        let lr_100 = scheduler.get_lr(0, 100);
        assert!((lr_100 - 0.001).abs() < 1e-10);

        // After warmup
        let lr_150 = scheduler.get_lr(0, 150);
        assert!((lr_150 - 0.001).abs() < 1e-10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_warmup_progress() {
        let scheduler = WarmupScheduler::new(0.001, 100).unwrap();

        assert_eq!(scheduler.warmup_progress(0), 0.0);
        assert_eq!(scheduler.warmup_progress(50), 0.5);
        assert_eq!(scheduler.warmup_progress(100), 1.0);
        assert_eq!(scheduler.warmup_progress(150), 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_warmup_in_warmup() {
        let scheduler = WarmupScheduler::new(0.001, 100).unwrap();

        assert!(scheduler.in_warmup(0));
        assert!(scheduler.in_warmup(50));
        assert!(scheduler.in_warmup(99));
        assert!(!scheduler.in_warmup(100));
        assert!(!scheduler.in_warmup(150));
    }
}