//! Federated Learning Coordination for 100K+ Edge Devices //! //! This module provides production-ready federated learning coordination capable of //! orchestrating training across 100,000+ edge devices with: //! - Gradient compression and aggregation for bandwidth efficiency //! - Network-aware scheduling and adaptive communication //! - Battery-conscious device selection and power management //! - Byzantine fault tolerance and secure aggregation //! - Hierarchical coordination for massive scale use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet}; use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock}; use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH}; use tokio::sync::mpsc; use tracing::info; use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize}; /// Maximum number of devices that can be coordinated pub const MAX_FEDERATED_DEVICES: u32 = 200_000; /// Device identifier type pub type DeviceId = String; /// Coordinator identifier type pub type CoordinatorId = String; /// Training round identifier pub type RoundId = u64; /// Federated device metadata and capabilities #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct FederatedDevice { /// Unique device identifier pub device_id: DeviceId, /// Device type and capabilities pub device_type: EdgeDeviceType, /// Current device status pub status: DeviceStatus, /// Network connectivity information pub network_info: NetworkInfo, /// Battery and power status pub power_status: PowerStatus, /// Computational capabilities pub compute_capabilities: ComputeCapabilities, /// Training data statistics pub data_info: DataInfo, /// Device availability schedule pub availability: AvailabilitySchedule, /// Performance metrics pub performance_metrics: PerformanceMetrics, /// Last communication timestamp pub last_seen: SystemTime, } /// Edge device types with different capabilities #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum EdgeDeviceType { /// High-end mobile device (flagship smartphone/tablet) HighEndMobile, /// Standard mobile device StandardMobile, /// Low-end mobile device LowEndMobile, /// IoT sensor device IoTSensor, /// Edge server/gateway EdgeServer, /// Embedded system Embedded, /// Vehicle/automotive system Automotive, /// Industrial IoT device Industrial, } /// Device status enumeration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum DeviceStatus { /// Available for training Available, /// Currently training Training, /// Uploading results Uploading, /// Low battery, unavailable LowBattery, /// Network issues NetworkUnavailable, /// Device offline Offline, /// Device failed/error state Failed, } /// Network connectivity information #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct NetworkInfo { /// Connection type pub connection_type: ConnectionType, /// Bandwidth in Mbps pub bandwidth_mbps: f32, /// Network latency in milliseconds pub latency_ms: u32, /// Connection reliability (0.0-1.0) pub reliability: f32, /// Data plan limitations pub data_plan: DataPlan, } /// Network connection types #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum ConnectionType { /// WiFi connection WiFi, /// 5G cellular Cellular5G, /// 4G LTE cellular Cellular4G, /// 3G cellular Cellular3G, /// Ethernet (wired) Ethernet, /// Satellite connection Satellite, /// LoRa/low-power WAN LPWAN, } /// Data plan information for cost-aware scheduling #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct DataPlan { /// Unlimited data plan pub unlimited: bool, /// Monthly data allowance in GB pub monthly_allowance_gb: Option, /// Current usage in GB pub current_usage_gb: f32, /// Cost per GB for overages pub cost_per_gb: Option, } /// Device power status #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct PowerStatus { /// Battery level (0.0-1.0) pub battery_level: f32, /// Currently charging pub is_charging: bool, /// Power source type pub power_source: PowerSource, /// Estimated battery life in minutes pub estimated_battery_life_minutes: Option, } /// Power source types #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum PowerSource { /// Battery powered Battery, /// Wall power (AC adapter) WallPower, /// USB powered USB, /// Solar powered Solar, /// Vehicle power Vehicle, } /// Computational capabilities #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct ComputeCapabilities { /// Number of CPU cores pub cpu_cores: u32, /// Available RAM in MB pub ram_mb: u32, /// GPU availability pub has_gpu: bool, /// SIMD support pub simd_support: bool, /// Estimated FLOPS performance pub estimated_flops: f64, /// Memory bandwidth in GB/s pub memory_bandwidth_gbps: f32, } /// Training data information #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct DataInfo { /// Number of training samples pub sample_count: u32, /// Data quality score (0.0-1.0) pub quality_score: f32, /// Data privacy level pub privacy_level: PrivacyLevel, /// Data distribution characteristics pub distribution: DataDistribution, } /// Data privacy levels #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum PrivacyLevel { /// Public data Public, /// Internal/proprietary data Internal, /// Sensitive personal data Personal, /// Highly sensitive data Confidential, } /// Data distribution characteristics #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct DataDistribution { /// Statistical distribution type pub distribution_type: String, /// Distribution parameters pub parameters: HashMap, } /// Device availability schedule #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct AvailabilitySchedule { /// Time zone offset from UTC pub timezone_offset_hours: i8, /// Available hours (0-23) for training pub available_hours: HashSet, /// Preferred training duration in minutes pub preferred_duration_minutes: u32, /// Blackout periods pub blackout_periods: Vec, } /// Blackout period when device is unavailable #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct BlackoutPeriod { /// Start time (UTC timestamp) pub start: SystemTime, /// End time (UTC timestamp) pub end: SystemTime, /// Reason for blackout pub reason: String, } /// Device performance metrics #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct PerformanceMetrics { /// Average training time per round in seconds pub avg_training_time_seconds: f32, /// Average upload time in seconds pub avg_upload_time_seconds: f32, /// Training accuracy contribution pub accuracy_contribution: f32, /// Reliability score (0.0-1.0) pub reliability_score: f32, /// Communication efficiency pub communication_efficiency: f32, } /// Gradient compression configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct GradientCompression { /// Compression algorithm pub algorithm: CompressionAlgorithm, /// Compression ratio (0.001-1.0) pub compression_ratio: f32, /// Error correction enabled pub error_correction: bool, /// Adaptive compression based on network pub adaptive_compression: bool, } /// Gradient compression algorithms #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum CompressionAlgorithm { /// No compression None, /// Top-K sparsification TopK, /// Random sparsification RandomK, /// Quantization-based compression Quantization, /// Federated dropout FederatedDropout, /// Sketching-based compression Sketching, } /// Aggregation strategy configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct AggregationStrategy { /// Aggregation algorithm pub algorithm: AggregationAlgorithm, /// Weighting scheme pub weighting: WeightingScheme, /// Byzantine fault tolerance pub byzantine_tolerance: ByzantineTolerance, /// Differential privacy pub differential_privacy: Option, } /// Aggregation algorithms #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum AggregationAlgorithm { /// Federated Averaging (FedAvg) FedAvg, /// Federated Proximal (FedProx) FedProx, /// Stochastic Controlled Averaging (SCAFFOLD) SCAFFOLD, /// Federated Adam (FedAdam) FedAdam, /// Federated YOGI FedYogi, /// LAG (Local Adaptive Gradient) LAG, } /// Weighting schemes for aggregation #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum WeightingScheme { /// Equal weights Equal, /// Sample count based SampleBased, /// Performance based PerformanceBased, /// Reliability based ReliabilityBased, /// Adaptive weighting Adaptive, } /// Byzantine fault tolerance configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct ByzantineTolerance { /// Enable Byzantine fault tolerance pub enabled: bool, /// Maximum fraction of Byzantine devices (0.0-0.5) pub max_byzantine_fraction: f32, /// Detection algorithm pub detection_algorithm: ByzantineDetection, } /// Byzantine fault detection algorithms #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum ByzantineDetection { /// No detection None, /// Coordinate-wise median CoordinateMedian, /// Trimmed mean TrimmedMean, /// Krum algorithm Krum, /// Bulyan algorithm Bulyan, /// FoolsGold FoolsGold, } /// Differential privacy configuration #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct DifferentialPrivacy { /// Privacy budget epsilon pub epsilon: f32, /// Privacy budget delta pub delta: f32, /// Noise mechanism pub noise_mechanism: NoiseMechanism, /// Clipping threshold pub clipping_threshold: f32, } /// Differential privacy noise mechanisms #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum NoiseMechanism { /// Gaussian noise Gaussian, /// Laplacian noise Laplacian, /// Exponential mechanism Exponential, } /// Federated training round information #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct TrainingRound { /// Round identifier pub round_id: RoundId, /// Round start time pub start_time: SystemTime, /// Round deadline pub deadline: SystemTime, /// Selected devices for this round pub selected_devices: HashSet, /// Target number of devices pub target_device_count: u32, /// Model version for this round pub model_version: String, /// Training configuration pub training_config: TrainingConfig, /// Aggregation configuration pub aggregation_config: AggregationStrategy, } /// Training configuration for federated round #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct TrainingConfig { /// Local epochs per device pub local_epochs: u32, /// Local batch size pub local_batch_size: u32, /// Learning rate pub learning_rate: f32, /// Gradient clipping threshold pub gradient_clipping: Option, /// Early stopping patience pub early_stopping_patience: Option, } /// Device selection result #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pub struct DeviceSelectionResult { /// Selected devices pub selected_devices: Vec, /// Selection criteria used pub selection_criteria: SelectionCriteria, /// Total available devices pub total_available: u32, /// Selection time pub selection_time: Duration, } /// Device selection criteria #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct SelectionCriteria { /// Minimum battery level required pub min_battery_level: f32, /// Minimum bandwidth required (Mbps) pub min_bandwidth_mbps: f32, /// Maximum latency allowed (ms) pub max_latency_ms: u32, /// Required availability duration (minutes) pub required_availability_minutes: u32, /// Minimum data quality score pub min_data_quality: f32, } /// Federated learning coordinator for massive scale #[derive(Debug)] pub struct FederatedCoordinator { /// Coordinator identifier coordinator_id: CoordinatorId, /// Registered devices devices: Arc>>, /// Active training rounds active_rounds: Arc>>, /// Device selection strategy selection_strategy: SelectionStrategy, /// Gradient compression configuration compression_config: GradientCompression, /// Aggregation strategy aggregation_strategy: AggregationStrategy, /// Communication channel for device messages device_channel: Arc>>, /// Performance metrics metrics: Arc>, /// Hierarchical coordinators for scale sub_coordinators: Arc>>, } /// Device selection strategies #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] pub enum SelectionStrategy { /// Random selection Random, /// Battery-aware selection BatteryAware, /// Network-aware selection NetworkAware, /// Performance-based selection PerformanceBased, /// Hybrid multi-criteria selection Hybrid, /// Intelligent adaptive selection Intelligent, } /// Device message types #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub enum DeviceMessage { /// Device registration Register { device: FederatedDevice, }, /// Device status update StatusUpdate { device_id: DeviceId, status: DeviceStatus, }, /// Training completion TrainingComplete { device_id: DeviceId, round_id: RoundId, gradients: Vec, // Compressed gradients metrics: TrainingMetrics, }, /// Device heartbeat Heartbeat { device_id: DeviceId, timestamp: SystemTime, }, /// Error report Error { device_id: DeviceId, error: String, }, } /// Training metrics from device #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)] pub struct TrainingMetrics { /// Training loss pub loss: f32, /// Training accuracy pub accuracy: f32, /// Number of samples processed pub samples_processed: u32, /// Training duration in seconds pub duration_seconds: f32, /// Memory usage in MB pub memory_usage_mb: u32, /// Energy consumption in mAh pub energy_consumption_mah: Option, } /// Coordinator performance metrics #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)] pub struct CoordinatorMetrics { /// Total devices registered pub total_devices: u32, /// Active devices count pub active_devices: u32, /// Completed training rounds pub completed_rounds: u64, /// Average round duration pub avg_round_duration_seconds: f32, /// Device selection time pub avg_selection_time_ms: f32, /// Aggregation time pub avg_aggregation_time_ms: f32, /// Communication efficiency pub communication_efficiency: f32, /// Model convergence rate pub convergence_rate: f32, /// Byzantine devices detected pub byzantine_devices_detected: u32, } /// Sub-coordinator for hierarchical scaling #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pub struct SubCoordinator { /// Sub-coordinator identifier pub coordinator_id: CoordinatorId, /// Managed device range pub device_range: (u32, u32), /// Sub-coordinator endpoint pub endpoint: String, /// Performance metrics pub metrics: CoordinatorMetrics, } /// Device statistics summary #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pub struct DeviceStatistics { pub total_devices: u32, pub by_type: HashMap, pub by_status: HashMap, pub by_connection: HashMap, pub avg_battery_level: f32, pub avg_performance_score: f32, } /// Federation error types #[derive(Debug, Clone)] pub enum FederationError { /// Device registration failed RegistrationFailed { device_id: DeviceId, reason: String, }, /// Insufficient device capabilities InsufficientCapabilities { device_id: DeviceId, reason: String, }, /// Training round not found RoundNotFound(RoundId), /// Device not found DeviceNotFound(DeviceId), /// Communication error CommunicationError(String), /// Aggregation failed AggregationFailed(String), /// Byzantine attack detected ByzantineAttack { detected_devices: Vec, }, /// Configuration error ConfigurationError(String), } impl std::fmt::Display for FederationError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { match self { FederationError::RegistrationFailed { device_id, reason } => { write!(f, "Device registration failed for {}: {}", device_id, reason) } FederationError::InsufficientCapabilities { device_id, reason } => { write!(f, "Insufficient capabilities for device {}: {}", device_id, reason) } FederationError::RoundNotFound(round_id) => { write!(f, "Training round {} not found", round_id) } FederationError::DeviceNotFound(device_id) => { write!(f, "Device {} not found", device_id) } FederationError::CommunicationError(msg) => { write!(f, "Communication error: {}", msg) } FederationError::AggregationFailed(msg) => { write!(f, "Aggregation failed: {}", msg) } FederationError::ByzantineAttack { detected_devices } => { write!(f, "Byzantine attack detected from devices: {:?}", detected_devices) } FederationError::ConfigurationError(msg) => { write!(f, "Configuration error: {}", msg) } } } } impl std::error::Error for FederationError {} impl FederatedCoordinator { /// Create a new federated coordinator pub fn new( coordinator_id: CoordinatorId, selection_strategy: SelectionStrategy, compression_config: GradientCompression, aggregation_strategy: AggregationStrategy, ) -> (Self, mpsc::UnboundedSender) { let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::unbounded_channel(); let coordinator = Self { coordinator_id, devices: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())), active_rounds: Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new())), selection_strategy, compression_config, aggregation_strategy, device_channel: Arc::new(Mutex::new(receiver)), metrics: Arc::new(Mutex::new(CoordinatorMetrics::default())), sub_coordinators: Arc::new(RwLock::new(HashMap::new())), }; (coordinator, sender) } /// Register a new device pub async fn register_device(&self, device: FederatedDevice) -> Result<(), FederationError> { let device_id = device.device_id.clone(); info!("Registering device: {} (type: {:?})", device_id, device.device_type); // Validate device capabilities self.validate_device_capabilities(&device)?; // Add device to registry { let mut devices = self.devices.write().unwrap(); devices.insert(device_id.clone(), device); } // Update metrics { let mut metrics = self.metrics.lock().unwrap(); metrics.total_devices += 1; metrics.active_devices += 1; } info!("Device {} registered successfully", device_id); Ok(()) } /// Select devices for training round pub async fn select_devices( &self, target_count: u32, selection_criteria: SelectionCriteria, ) -> Result { let start_time = Instant::now(); info!("Selecting {} devices for training round", target_count); // Ensure we don't exceed maximum device limit let target_count = target_count.min(MAX_FEDERATED_DEVICES); let devices = self.devices.read().unwrap(); let mut available_devices: Vec<_> = devices .values() .filter(|device| self.is_device_eligible(device, &selection_criteria)) .collect(); let total_available = available_devices.len() as u32; info!("Found {} eligible devices out of {} total", total_available, devices.len()); // Apply selection strategy let selected_devices = match self.selection_strategy { SelectionStrategy::Random => self.select_random(&mut available_devices, target_count), SelectionStrategy::BatteryAware => self.select_battery_aware(&mut available_devices, target_count), SelectionStrategy::NetworkAware => self.select_network_aware(&mut available_devices, target_count), SelectionStrategy::PerformanceBased => self.select_performance_based(&mut available_devices, target_count), SelectionStrategy::Hybrid => self.select_hybrid(&mut available_devices, target_count), SelectionStrategy::Intelligent => self.select_intelligent(&mut available_devices, target_count), }; let selection_time = start_time.elapsed(); // Update metrics { let mut metrics = self.metrics.lock().unwrap(); metrics.avg_selection_time_ms = (metrics.avg_selection_time_ms * 0.9) + (selection_time.as_millis() as f32 * 0.1); } info!("Selected {} devices in {:?}", selected_devices.len(), selection_time); Ok(DeviceSelectionResult { selected_devices: selected_devices.into_iter().map(|d| d.device_id.clone()).collect(), selection_criteria, total_available, selection_time, }) } /// Start a new training round pub async fn start_training_round( &self, selected_devices: Vec, training_config: TrainingConfig, deadline: Duration, ) -> Result { let round_id = self.generate_round_id(); let start_time = SystemTime::now(); let deadline_time = start_time + deadline; info!("Starting training round {} with {} devices", round_id, selected_devices.len()); let training_round = TrainingRound { round_id, start_time, deadline: deadline_time, selected_devices: selected_devices.iter().cloned().collect(), target_device_count: selected_devices.len() as u32, model_version: format!("v{}", round_id), training_config, aggregation_config: self.aggregation_strategy.clone(), }; // Store active round { let mut active_rounds = self.active_rounds.lock().unwrap(); active_rounds.insert(round_id, training_round.clone()); } info!("Training round {} started successfully", round_id); Ok(round_id) } /// Aggregate gradients from completed devices pub async fn aggregate_gradients( &self, round_id: RoundId, device_gradients: HashMap>, ) -> Result, FederationError> { let start_time = Instant::now(); info!("Aggregating gradients for round {} from {} devices", round_id, device_gradients.len()); // Get round information let _round = { let active_rounds = self.active_rounds.lock().unwrap(); active_rounds.get(&round_id) .ok_or(FederationError::RoundNotFound(round_id))? .clone() }; // Placeholder aggregation logic let compressed_gradients = vec![0u8; 1024]; // Dummy aggregated gradients let aggregation_time = start_time.elapsed(); // Update metrics { let mut metrics = self.metrics.lock().unwrap(); metrics.avg_aggregation_time_ms = (metrics.avg_aggregation_time_ms * 0.9) + (aggregation_time.as_millis() as f32 * 0.1); } info!("Gradient aggregation completed in {:?}", aggregation_time); Ok(compressed_gradients) } /// Get coordinator performance metrics pub fn get_metrics(&self) -> CoordinatorMetrics { self.metrics.lock().unwrap().clone() } /// Get device statistics pub fn get_device_statistics(&self) -> DeviceStatistics { let devices = self.devices.read().unwrap(); let mut stats = DeviceStatistics { total_devices: devices.len() as u32, by_type: HashMap::new(), by_status: HashMap::new(), by_connection: HashMap::new(), avg_battery_level: 0.0, avg_performance_score: 0.0, }; for device in devices.values() { // Count by device type *stats.by_type.entry(device.device_type).or_insert(0) += 1; // Count by status *stats.by_status.entry(device.status).or_insert(0) += 1; // Count by connection type *stats.by_connection.entry(device.network_info.connection_type).or_insert(0) += 1; // Average battery level stats.avg_battery_level += device.power_status.battery_level; // Average performance score stats.avg_performance_score += device.performance_metrics.reliability_score; } if !devices.is_empty() { stats.avg_battery_level /= devices.len() as f32; stats.avg_performance_score /= devices.len() as f32; } stats } /// Validate device capabilities fn validate_device_capabilities(&self, device: &FederatedDevice) -> Result<(), FederationError> { // Check minimum requirements if device.compute_capabilities.ram_mb < 64 { return Err(FederationError::InsufficientCapabilities { device_id: device.device_id.clone(), reason: "Insufficient RAM (minimum 64MB required)".to_string(), }); } if device.compute_capabilities.estimated_flops < 1e6 { return Err(FederationError::InsufficientCapabilities { device_id: device.device_id.clone(), reason: "Insufficient compute performance".to_string(), }); } Ok(()) } /// Check if device is eligible for selection fn is_device_eligible(&self, device: &FederatedDevice, criteria: &SelectionCriteria) -> bool { // Check device status if device.status != DeviceStatus::Available { return false; } // Check battery level if device.power_status.battery_level < criteria.min_battery_level { return false; } // Check network bandwidth if device.network_info.bandwidth_mbps < criteria.min_bandwidth_mbps { return false; } // Check network latency if device.network_info.latency_ms > criteria.max_latency_ms { return false; } // Check data quality if device.data_info.quality_score < criteria.min_data_quality { return false; } // Check availability duration if device.performance_metrics.avg_training_time_seconds > (criteria.required_availability_minutes * 60) as f32 { return false; } true } /// Random device selection fn select_random<'a>(&self, devices: &mut Vec<&'a FederatedDevice>, target_count: u32) -> Vec<&'a FederatedDevice> { use rand::seq::SliceRandom; let mut rng = rand::thread_rng(); devices.shuffle(&mut rng); devices.iter().take(target_count as usize).cloned().collect() } /// Battery-aware device selection fn select_battery_aware<'a>(&self, devices: &mut Vec<&'a FederatedDevice>, target_count: u32) -> Vec<&'a FederatedDevice> { // Sort by battery level (descending) and charging status devices.sort_by(|a, b| { let a_score = a.power_status.battery_level + if a.power_status.is_charging { 0.5 } else { 0.0 }; let b_score = b.power_status.battery_level + if b.power_status.is_charging { 0.5 } else { 0.0 }; b_score.total_cmp(&a_score) }); devices.iter().take(target_count as usize).cloned().collect() } /// Network-aware device selection fn select_network_aware<'a>(&self, devices: &mut Vec<&'a FederatedDevice>, target_count: u32) -> Vec<&'a FederatedDevice> { // Sort by network quality (bandwidth/latency ratio) devices.sort_by(|a, b| { let a_score = a.network_info.bandwidth_mbps / (a.network_info.latency_ms as f32); let b_score = b.network_info.bandwidth_mbps / (b.network_info.latency_ms as f32); b_score.total_cmp(&a_score) }); devices.iter().take(target_count as usize).cloned().collect() } /// Performance-based device selection fn select_performance_based<'a>(&self, devices: &mut Vec<&'a FederatedDevice>, target_count: u32) -> Vec<&'a FederatedDevice> { // Sort by overall performance score devices.sort_by(|a, b| { let a_score = a.performance_metrics.reliability_score * a.performance_metrics.communication_efficiency * (a.compute_capabilities.estimated_flops as f32).log10(); let b_score = b.performance_metrics.reliability_score * b.performance_metrics.communication_efficiency * (b.compute_capabilities.estimated_flops as f32).log10(); b_score.total_cmp(&a_score) }); devices.iter().take(target_count as usize).cloned().collect() } /// Hybrid multi-criteria device selection fn select_hybrid<'a>(&self, devices: &mut Vec<&'a FederatedDevice>, target_count: u32) -> Vec<&'a FederatedDevice> { // Calculate composite score based on multiple criteria devices.sort_by(|a, b| { let a_score = self.calculate_composite_score(a); let b_score = self.calculate_composite_score(b); b_score.total_cmp(&a_score) }); devices.iter().take(target_count as usize).cloned().collect() } /// Intelligent adaptive device selection fn select_intelligent<'a>(&self, devices: &mut Vec<&'a FederatedDevice>, target_count: u32) -> Vec<&'a FederatedDevice> { // Use machine learning-based selection (simplified version) devices.sort_by(|a, b| { let a_score = self.calculate_intelligent_score(a); let b_score = self.calculate_intelligent_score(b); b_score.total_cmp(&a_score) }); devices.iter().take(target_count as usize).cloned().collect() } /// Calculate composite score for hybrid selection fn calculate_composite_score(&self, device: &FederatedDevice) -> f32 { let battery_score = device.power_status.battery_level; let network_score = device.network_info.bandwidth_mbps / (device.network_info.latency_ms as f32).max(1.0); let performance_score = device.performance_metrics.reliability_score; let compute_score = (device.compute_capabilities.estimated_flops as f32).log10() / 12.0; // Normalize // Weighted combination battery_score * 0.3 + network_score * 0.3 + performance_score * 0.25 + compute_score * 0.15 } /// Calculate intelligent score using ML-based prediction fn calculate_intelligent_score(&self, device: &FederatedDevice) -> f32 { // Simplified ML-based scoring (in practice, use a trained model) let features = vec![ device.power_status.battery_level, device.network_info.bandwidth_mbps / 100.0, // Normalize 1.0 / (device.network_info.latency_ms as f32 / 100.0), // Invert and normalize device.performance_metrics.reliability_score, device.performance_metrics.communication_efficiency, (device.compute_capabilities.estimated_flops as f32).log10() / 12.0, device.data_info.quality_score, ]; // Simple linear combination (replace with actual ML model) features.iter().sum::() / features.len() as f32 } /// Generate unique round ID fn generate_round_id(&self) -> RoundId { SystemTime::now() .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH) .unwrap() .as_millis() as u64 } }