PERF-2 P3-ii: the device V-cycle as the CG's preconditioner — poisson/device.rs (one CUDA runtime per process, persistent per-operator buffers, the mg_vcycle.cu kernels at K = 1; upload r, run the V-cycle, download z; the f64 CG unchanged), MultigridParameters::device, Prepared holds the device hierarchy, the CG driver destructures the prepared operator instead of cloning it; EmbeddedPisoSolver::set_poisson_device, overset pass-through, harness knob RTX_FSI2O_MG_DEVICE=1; export_levels factored out; the quarantine's dangling cfg attribute fixed

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01YJPeT6WA2e7YvAnS875AHL

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/solvers/incompressible/embedded/mod.rs

@@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ pub struct EmbeddedPisoSolver {
     pcg_cache: std::cell::RefCell<super::poisson::PcgCache>,
     /// PERF-2 P2: threads for the multigrid's red-black maps (default 1).
     poisson_threads: usize,
+    /// PERF-2 P3-ii: the V-cycle on the CUDA device (needs the `cuda`
+    /// feature and the red-black smoother; default off).
+    poisson_device: bool,
     moving: bool,
     /// Mask hysteresis band in multiples of the min cell size (0 = off).
     mask_hysteresis: f64,
@@ -209,6 +212,7 @@ impl EmbeddedPisoSolver {
             poisson_profile: std::cell::Cell::new((0, 0, 0, 0)),
             pcg_cache: std::cell::RefCell::new(super::poisson::PcgCache::default()),
             poisson_threads: 1,
+            poisson_device: false,
             moving: false,
             mask_hysteresis: 0.0,
             time: 0.0,
@@ -234,6 +238,11 @@ impl EmbeddedPisoSolver {
         self.poisson_threads = threads.max(1);
     }
 
+    /// The V-cycle on the CUDA device (PERF-2 P3-ii; a regime, band-gated).
+    pub fn set_poisson_device(&mut self, on: bool) {
+        self.poisson_device = on;
+    }
+
     /// Mask hysteresis for the moving-body rebuild, as a fraction of the
     /// min cell size (default 0, exactly the plain rebuild). With a band,
     /// a cell within `band * h_min` of the surface keeps the

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/solvers/incompressible/embedded/projection.rs

@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ impl EmbeddedPisoSolver {
                     precision: self.parameters.poisson_precision,
                     smoother: self.parameters.poisson_smoother,
                     threads: self.poisson_threads,
+                    device: self.poisson_device,
                     ..MultigridParameters::default()
                 },
                 inner_stop,

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/solvers/incompressible/mod.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-// PERF-2 (2026-09-16): the legacy GPU modules have not compiled since the
-// initial commit (cudarc API drift); kept out of the `cuda` build until
-// someone needs them — the batched V-cycle benchmark uses cudarc directly.
 //! Incompressible flow solvers
 //!
 //! This module implements pressure-velocity coupling algorithms for incompressible flows:
 //! - SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations)
 //! - PISO (Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators)
 //! - SIMPLER (SIMPLE Revised)
+// PERF-2 (2026-09-16): the legacy GPU modules have not compiled since the
+// initial commit (cudarc API drift); kept out of the `cuda` build until
+// someone needs them — the batched V-cycle benchmark uses cudarc directly.
 
 use crate::{CfdConfig, CfdError, CfdResult};
 // use nalgebra::{DMatrix, DVector};

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/solvers/incompressible/overset/mod.rs

@@ -342,6 +342,11 @@ impl OversetPisoSolver {
         self.background.set_poisson_threads(threads);
     }
 
+    /// PERF-2 P3-ii: the background multigrid's V-cycle on the CUDA device.
+    pub fn set_poisson_device(&mut self, on: bool) {
+        self.background.set_poisson_device(on);
+    }
+
     /// The step timers, when profiling (`RTX_PROFILE`).
     pub fn timers(&self) -> Option<&StepTimers> {
         self.timers.as_deref()

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/solvers/incompressible/poisson.rs

@@ -282,6 +282,9 @@ pub enum MgSmoother {
     RedBlack,
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
+mod device;
+
 /// Multigrid preconditioner parameters.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct MultigridParameters {
@@ -295,6 +298,11 @@ pub struct MultigridParameters {
     /// order, so it is bit-identical to the serial one. No effect on the
     /// lexicographic smoother (a dependency chain).
     pub threads: usize,
+    /// PERF-2 P3-ii: run the V-cycle on the CUDA device (f32, red-black,
+    /// the `mg_vcycle.cu` kernels) as the CG's preconditioner; the CG, its
+    /// residual and its stop stay f64 on the CPU (the M1 contract). Needs
+    /// the `cuda` feature and `MgSmoother::RedBlack`; ignored otherwise.
+    pub device: bool,
     /// Symmetric Gauss–Seidel sweeps before AND after the coarse correction
     /// (default 2; a value of 0 is treated as 1). One count for both on
     /// purpose: unequal pre/post counts make the V-cycle non-symmetric and
@@ -314,6 +322,7 @@ impl Default for MultigridParameters {
             precision: MgPrecision::F64,
             smoother: MgSmoother::Lexicographic,
             threads: 1,
+            device: false,
             smoother_sweeps: 2,
             coarsest_cells: 32,
             max_iterations: 500,
@@ -446,6 +455,7 @@ impl MgScalar for f32 {
 /// and inspection), its coefficients and diagonal in the V-cycle scalar,
 /// the list of active cells that carry an equation (row-major), and the
 /// parent map into the next coarser level.
+#[derive(Clone)]
 struct Level<T: MgScalar> {
     problem: PoissonProblem,
     /// `problem.active && ap > 0`: cells with an equation.
@@ -906,6 +916,7 @@ struct OperatorKey {
     coarsest_cells: usize,
     smoother: MgSmoother,
     threads: usize,
+    device: bool,
 }
 
 impl OperatorKey {
@@ -928,6 +939,7 @@ impl OperatorKey {
             coarsest_cells: params.coarsest_cells,
             smoother: params.smoother,
             threads: params.threads,
+            device: params.device,
         }
     }
 
@@ -938,6 +950,7 @@ impl OperatorKey {
             && self.coarsest_cells == params.coarsest_cells
             && self.smoother == params.smoother
             && self.threads == params.threads
+            && self.device == params.device
             && self.active == problem.active
             && self.coefficients.iter().copied().eq(problem
                 .ae
@@ -962,6 +975,9 @@ struct Prepared<T: MgScalar> {
     fine: Level<f64>,
     cells: Vec<usize>,
     components: Components,
+    /// The device V-cycle for this operator (PERF-2 P3-ii), when asked for.
+    #[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
+    device: Option<device::DeviceVcycle>,
 }
 
 impl<T: MgScalar> Prepared<T> {
@@ -970,12 +986,21 @@ impl<T: MgScalar> Prepared<T> {
         let fine = Level::<f64>::new(problem.clone());
         let cells: Vec<usize> = fine.cells.clone();
         let components = Components::find(problem, &cells);
+        #[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
+        let device = (params.device && params.smoother == MgSmoother::RedBlack).then(|| {
+            device::DeviceVcycle::new(
+                &export_levels(&Hierarchy::<f32>::build(problem, params)),
+                params.smoother_sweeps.max(1),
+            )
+        });
         Self {
             key: OperatorKey::of(problem, params),
             hier,
             fine,
             cells,
             components,
+            #[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
+            device,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -1028,8 +1053,15 @@ pub struct LevelExport {
 
 /// The f32 hierarchy of `problem` (red-black colour lists included), level
 /// 0 fine, for a device implementation of [`Hierarchy::apply_preconditioner`].
-pub fn export_hierarchy(problem: &PoissonProblem, params: &MultigridParameters) -> Vec<LevelExport> {
-    let hier = Hierarchy::<f32>::build(problem, params);
+pub fn export_hierarchy(
+    problem: &PoissonProblem,
+    params: &MultigridParameters,
+) -> Vec<LevelExport> {
+    export_levels(&Hierarchy::<f32>::build(problem, params))
+}
+
+/// The levels of a built f32 hierarchy (see [`export_hierarchy`]).
+fn export_levels(hier: &Hierarchy<f32>) -> Vec<LevelExport> {
     let depth = hier.levels.len();
     (0..depth)
         .map(|l| {
@@ -1204,10 +1236,34 @@ fn run_pcg<T: MgScalar>(
         "invalid PoissonProblem: {:?}",
         problem.validate()
     );
-    let hier = &mut prep.hier;
-    let fine = &prep.fine;
-    let cells: &[usize] = &prep.cells;
-    let components = &prep.components;
+    #[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
+    let Prepared {
+        hier,
+        fine,
+        cells,
+        components,
+        device,
+        ..
+    } = prep;
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "cuda"))]
+    let Prepared {
+        hier,
+        fine,
+        cells,
+        components,
+        ..
+    } = prep;
+    let fine: &Level<f64> = fine;
+    let cells: &[usize] = cells;
+    let components: &Components = components;
+    let mut precond = |r: &[f64], z: &mut [f64]| {
+        #[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
+        if let Some(d) = device.as_mut() {
+            d.apply(r, z);
+            return;
+        }
+        hier.apply_preconditioner(r, z);
+    };
     let active_n = cells.len();
     if active_n == 0 {
         return PoissonSolution {
@@ -1294,7 +1350,7 @@ fn run_pcg<T: MgScalar>(
         return finish(p, 0, res);
     }
 
-    hier.apply_preconditioner(&r, &mut z);
+    precond(&r, &mut z);
     if singular {
         project_mean(&mut z);
     }
@@ -1333,7 +1389,7 @@ fn run_pcg<T: MgScalar>(
             }
             last_true = res;
         }
-        hier.apply_preconditioner(&r, &mut z);
+        precond(&r, &mut z);
         if singular {
             project_mean(&mut z);
         }
@@ -1351,6 +1407,7 @@ fn run_pcg<T: MgScalar>(
 /// Connected components of the active cells of a [`PoissonProblem`],
 /// connected through faces carrying a non-zero coefficient, and whether
 /// each component is singular (carries no Dirichlet contribution).
+#[derive(Clone)]
 struct Components {
     /// Component id per cell (`usize::MAX` for inactive cells).
     id: Vec<usize>,

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/solvers/incompressible/poisson/device.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+//! PERF-2 P3-ii (`docs/perf2_campaign.md`): the multigrid V-cycle on the
+//! CUDA device as the CG's preconditioner — the `mg_vcycle.cu` kernels of
+//! the go/no-go benchmark, K = 1, with persistent device buffers per
+//! operator. One CUDA context, stream and module per process (built on
+//! first use); the CG, its residual and its stop stay f64 on the CPU.
+
+use super::LevelExport;
+use cudarc::driver::{
+    CudaContext, CudaFunction, CudaModule, CudaSlice, CudaStream, LaunchConfig, PushKernelArg,
+};
+use cudarc::nvrtc::{CompileOptions, compile_ptx_with_opts};
+use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
+
+const KERNELS: &str = include_str!("../../../kernels/cuda/mg_vcycle.cu");
+
+struct Runtime {
+    _ctx: Arc<CudaContext>,
+    stream: Arc<CudaStream>,
+    _module: Arc<CudaModule>,
+    f_half: CudaFunction,
+    f_res: CudaFunction,
+    f_restrict: CudaFunction,
+    f_prolong: CudaFunction,
+    f_zero: CudaFunction,
+    f_coarsest: CudaFunction,
+}
+
+static RUNTIME: OnceLock<Runtime> = OnceLock::new();
+
+fn runtime() -> &'static Runtime {
+    RUNTIME.get_or_init(|| {
+        let ctx = CudaContext::new(0).expect("CUDA context (device 0)");
+        let stream = ctx.default_stream();
+        let arch = std::env::var("RTX_CUDA_ARCH").unwrap_or_else(|_| "sm_120".to_string());
+        let ptx = compile_ptx_with_opts(
+            KERNELS,
+            CompileOptions {
+                arch: Some(Box::leak(arch.into_boxed_str())),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+        )
+        .expect("nvrtc: mg_vcycle.cu");
+        let module = ctx.load_module(ptx).expect("mg_vcycle module");
+        let f = |name: &str| module.load_function(name).expect(name);
+        Runtime {
+            f_half: f("mg_rb_half"),
+            f_res: f("mg_residual"),
+            f_restrict: f("mg_restrict"),
+            f_prolong: f("mg_prolong"),
+            f_zero: f("mg_zero"),
+            f_coarsest: f("mg_coarsest"),
+            _ctx: ctx,
+            stream,
+            _module: module,
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+struct DevLevel {
+    n: usize,
+    nx: i32,
+    n_cells: usize,
+    n_red: usize,
+    n_black: usize,
+    cells: CudaSlice<u32>,
+    red: CudaSlice<u32>,
+    black: CudaSlice<u32>,
+    coarse_of: CudaSlice<u32>,
+    children_ptr: CudaSlice<u32>,
+    children_idx: CudaSlice<u32>,
+    ae: CudaSlice<f32>,
+    aw: CudaSlice<f32>,
+    an: CudaSlice<f32>,
+    as_: CudaSlice<f32>,
+    ap: CudaSlice<f32>,
+    b: CudaSlice<f32>,
+    x: CudaSlice<f32>,
+    r: CudaSlice<f32>,
+}
+
+/// One operator's hierarchy on the device (K = 1).
+pub(super) struct DeviceVcycle {
+    levels: Vec<DevLevel>,
+    sweeps: usize,
+    fine_cells: Vec<u32>,
+    r_f32: Vec<f32>,
+    z_f32: Vec<f32>,
+}
+
+fn cfg(n_items: usize) -> LaunchConfig {
+    LaunchConfig {
+        grid_dim: ((n_items as u32).div_ceil(256).max(1), 1, 1),
+        block_dim: (256, 1, 1),
+        shared_mem_bytes: 0,
+    }
+}
+
+impl DeviceVcycle {
+    pub(super) fn new(levels: &[LevelExport], sweeps: usize) -> Self {
+        let rt = runtime();
+        let up_u = |v: &[u32]| -> CudaSlice<u32> {
+            rt.stream
+                .memcpy_stod(if v.is_empty() { &[0u32][..] } else { v })
+                .expect("upload")
+        };
+        let up_f = |v: &[f32]| -> CudaSlice<f32> { rt.stream.memcpy_stod(v).expect("upload") };
+        let dev: Vec<DevLevel> = levels
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                let n = l.nx * l.ny;
+                DevLevel {
+                    n,
+                    nx: l.nx as i32,
+                    n_cells: l.cells.len(),
+                    n_red: l.red.len(),
+                    n_black: l.black.len(),
+                    cells: up_u(&l.cells),
+                    red: up_u(&l.red),
+                    black: up_u(&l.black),
+                    coarse_of: up_u(&l.coarse_of),
+                    children_ptr: up_u(&l.children_ptr),
+                    children_idx: up_u(&l.children_idx),
+                    ae: up_f(&l.ae),
+                    aw: up_f(&l.aw),
+                    an: up_f(&l.an),
+                    as_: up_f(&l.as_),
+                    ap: up_f(&l.ap),
+                    b: rt.stream.alloc_zeros::<f32>(n).expect("alloc"),
+                    x: rt.stream.alloc_zeros::<f32>(n).expect("alloc"),
+                    r: rt.stream.alloc_zeros::<f32>(n).expect("alloc"),
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let n0 = dev[0].n;
+        Self {
+            levels: dev,
+            sweeps,
+            fine_cells: levels[0].cells.clone(),
+            r_f32: vec![0.0; n0],
+            z_f32: vec![0.0; n0],
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn half(&mut self, l: usize, colour: u8) {
+        let rt = runtime();
+        let lv = &mut self.levels[l];
+        let (list, n_list) = if colour == 0 {
+            (&lv.red, lv.n_red)
+        } else {
+            (&lv.black, lv.n_black)
+        };
+        let (n_i, n_list_i) = (lv.n as i32, n_list as i32);
+        unsafe {
+            rt.stream
+                .launch_builder(&rt.f_half)
+                .arg(&n_list_i)
+                .arg(list)
+                .arg(&n_i)
+                .arg(&lv.ae)
+                .arg(&lv.aw)
+                .arg(&lv.an)
+                .arg(&lv.as_)
+                .arg(&lv.ap)
+                .arg(&lv.b)
+                .arg(&mut lv.x)
+                .arg(&lv.nx)
+                .launch(cfg(n_list))
+                .expect("mg_rb_half");
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn smooth(&mut self, l: usize) {
+        for _ in 0..self.sweeps {
+            self.half(l, 0);
+            self.half(l, 1);
+            self.half(l, 1);
+            self.half(l, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// `z = M⁻¹ r` on the active cells (the same V-cycle as
+    /// `Hierarchy::apply_preconditioner`, in f32 on the device).
+    pub(super) fn apply(&mut self, r: &[f64], z: &mut [f64]) {
+        let rt = runtime();
+        let depth = self.levels.len();
+        for (dst, &src) in self.r_f32.iter_mut().zip(r) {
+            *dst = src as f32;
+        }
+        rt.stream
+            .memcpy_htod(&self.r_f32, &mut self.levels[0].b)
+            .expect("upload r");
+        // Down.
+        for l in 0..depth - 1 {
+            {
+                let lv = &mut self.levels[l];
+                let (n_i, n_cells_i) = (lv.n as i32, lv.n_cells as i32);
+                unsafe {
+                    rt.stream
+                        .launch_builder(&rt.f_zero)
+                        .arg(&n_cells_i)
+                        .arg(&lv.cells)
+                        .arg(&n_i)
+                        .arg(&mut lv.x)
+                        .launch(cfg(lv.n_cells))
+                        .expect("mg_zero");
+                }
+            }
+            self.smooth(l);
+            {
+                let lv = &mut self.levels[l];
+                let (n_i, n_cells_i) = (lv.n as i32, lv.n_cells as i32);
+                unsafe {
+                    rt.stream
+                        .launch_builder(&rt.f_res)
+                        .arg(&n_cells_i)
+                        .arg(&lv.cells)
+                        .arg(&n_i)
+                        .arg(&lv.ae)
+                        .arg(&lv.aw)
+                        .arg(&lv.an)
+                        .arg(&lv.as_)
+                        .arg(&lv.ap)
+                        .arg(&lv.b)
+                        .arg(&lv.x)
+                        .arg(&mut lv.r)
+                        .arg(&lv.nx)
+                        .launch(cfg(lv.n_cells))
+                        .expect("mg_residual");
+                }
+            }
+            let (fine, coarse) = self.levels.split_at_mut(l + 1);
+            let (lf, lc) = (&fine[l], &mut coarse[0]);
+            let (n_c_cells_i, n_f_i, n_c_i) = (lc.n_cells as i32, lf.n as i32, lc.n as i32);
+            unsafe {
+                rt.stream
+                    .launch_builder(&rt.f_restrict)
+                    .arg(&n_c_cells_i)
+                    .arg(&lc.cells)
+                    .arg(&lf.children_ptr)
+                    .arg(&lf.children_idx)
+                    .arg(&n_f_i)
+                    .arg(&n_c_i)
+                    .arg(&lf.r)
+                    .arg(&mut lc.b)
+                    .launch(cfg(lc.n_cells))
+                    .expect("mg_restrict");
+            }
+        }
+        // Coarsest.
+        {
+            let lv = &mut self.levels[depth - 1];
+            let (k_i, n_cells_i, n_i, sw_i) = (1i32, lv.n_cells as i32, lv.n as i32, 50i32);
+            let (n_red_i, n_black_i) = (lv.n_red as i32, lv.n_black as i32);
+            unsafe {
+                rt.stream
+                    .launch_builder(&rt.f_coarsest)
+                    .arg(&k_i)
+                    .arg(&n_cells_i)
+                    .arg(&lv.cells)
+                    .arg(&n_red_i)
+                    .arg(&lv.red)
+                    .arg(&n_black_i)
+                    .arg(&lv.black)
+                    .arg(&n_i)
+                    .arg(&lv.ae)
+                    .arg(&lv.aw)
+                    .arg(&lv.an)
+                    .arg(&lv.as_)
+                    .arg(&lv.ap)
+                    .arg(&lv.b)
+                    .arg(&mut lv.x)
+                    .arg(&lv.nx)
+                    .arg(&sw_i)
+                    .launch(LaunchConfig {
+                        grid_dim: (1, 1, 1),
+                        block_dim: (32, 1, 1),
+                        shared_mem_bytes: 0,
+                    })
+                    .expect("mg_coarsest");
+            }
+        }
+        // Up.
+        for l in (0..depth - 1).rev() {
+            {
+                let (fine, coarse) = self.levels.split_at_mut(l + 1);
+                let (lf, lc) = (&mut fine[l], &coarse[0]);
+                let (n_cells_i, n_f_i, n_c_i) = (lf.n_cells as i32, lf.n as i32, lc.n as i32);
+                unsafe {
+                    rt.stream
+                        .launch_builder(&rt.f_prolong)
+                        .arg(&n_cells_i)
+                        .arg(&lf.cells)
+                        .arg(&lf.coarse_of)
+                        .arg(&n_f_i)
+                        .arg(&n_c_i)
+                        .arg(&mut lf.x)
+                        .arg(&lc.x)
+                        .launch(cfg(lf.n_cells))
+                        .expect("mg_prolong");
+                }
+            }
+            self.smooth(l);
+        }
+        rt.stream
+            .memcpy_dtoh(&self.levels[0].x, &mut self.z_f32)
+            .expect("download z");
+        rt.stream.synchronize().expect("sync");
+        for &idx in &self.fine_cells {
+            z[idx as usize] = self.z_f32[idx as usize] as f64;
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/solvers/lbm/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// PERF-2 (2026-09-16): the legacy GPU modules have not compiled since the
-// initial commit (cudarc API drift); kept out of the `cuda` build until
-// someone needs them — the batched V-cycle benchmark uses cudarc directly.
 //! Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) solvers
 //!
 //! This module implements various LBM models for fluid flow simulation:
@@ -8,6 +5,9 @@
 //! - D3Q19: 3D model with 19 discrete velocities
 //! - Boundary conditions: bounce-back, Zou-He
 //! - Collision operators: BGK, MRT
+// PERF-2 (2026-09-16): the legacy GPU modules have not compiled since the
+// initial commit (cudarc API drift); kept out of the `cuda` build until
+// someone needs them — the batched V-cycle benchmark uses cudarc directly.
 
 pub mod boundary;
 pub mod d2q9;

crates/specialized/rtx-cfd/src/turbulence/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-// PERF-2 (2026-09-16): the legacy GPU modules have not compiled since the
-// initial commit (cudarc API drift); kept out of the `cuda` build until
-// someone needs them — the batched V-cycle benchmark uses cudarc directly.
 //! Turbulence modeling for CFD
 //!
 //! This module provides various turbulence models for simulating turbulent flows:
@@ -10,9 +7,10 @@
 //! - **Wall Functions**: Log-law, enhanced wall treatment
 //! - **Transition Models**: γ-Reθ, k-kL-ω
 
+// PERF-2 (2026-09-16): the legacy GPU modules have not compiled since the
+// initial commit (cudarc API drift); kept out of the `cuda` build until
+// someone needs them — the batched V-cycle benchmark uses cudarc directly.
 pub mod k_epsilon;
-/// GPU-accelerated turbulence models
-#[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
 // PERF-2 (2026-09-16): the legacy k-epsilon GPU model no longer matches
 // `KEpsilonConstants` and has not compiled since the initial commit; kept out
 // of the `cuda` build until someone needs it.
@@ -24,7 +22,7 @@ pub mod transition;
 pub mod wall_functions;
 
 pub use k_epsilon::{KEpsilonConstants, KEpsilonModel, KEpsilonVariant};
-#[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
+// #[cfg(feature = "cuda")]
 // pub use k_epsilon_gpu::KEpsilonGpuModel;
 pub use smagorinsky::{SmagorinskyConstants, SmagorinskyModel};
 pub use wall_functions::{EnhancedWallTreatment, LogLawWallFunction, WallFunction};